佳木斯市7~18岁汉族学生视力不良现况及增长速度趋势

祝丽玲; 丁玲玲; 杨迪

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2022.06.011

佳木斯市7~18岁汉族学生视力不良现况及增长速度趋势

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2022.06.011

1.
154000 佳木斯，佳木斯大学公共卫生学院预防医学教研室
2.
154000 佳木斯，佳木斯大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学

基金项目:

2019年黑龙江省卫生健康委科研课题立项项目 2019-286

详细信息

通讯作者:
祝丽玲，E-mail: 18045451675@163.com

中图分类号: R181.2
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-07-21
- 修回日期: 2021-10-29
- 网络出版日期: 2022-06-16
- 刊出日期: 2022-06-10

Analysis of the current status and increase rate trend of poor eyesight among Han ethnic group students aged 7-18 in Jiamusi City

1.
Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154000, China
2.
Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154000, China

Funds:

Scientific Research Project of Heilongjiang Provincial Health Commission in 2019 2019-286

More Information

Corresponding author: ZHU Li-ling, E-mail: 18045451675@163.com

摘要

摘要: 目的本文旨在了解佳木斯市学生视力不良现况及增长速度随年龄的变化趋势，为视力不良防控提供依据。方法收集2019年佳木斯市学生体质与健康调研资料，选取7~18岁性别、年龄、城乡及视力不良等指标资料完整的学生作为研究对象，共纳入37 544人，其中男生19 177人，女生18 367人。采用曲线拟合的方法获得视力不良增长速度模型，分析视力不良增速在城乡男女间的差异与特点。结果 (1) 佳木斯市7~18岁汉族学生视力不良检出率为71.89%；女生整体和重度视力不良检出率高于男生，城市学生整体和各程度视力不良检出率高于乡村学生；随着年龄的增加，整体及重度视力不良检出率呈上升趋势，而轻度视力不良呈下降趋势。(2)城市男生在12岁前视力不良增长速度大于乡村男生，12岁时出现交叉，交叉后呈相反趋势。城市女生10岁前视力不良增长速度大于乡村女生，10岁时出现交叉，交叉后呈相反趋势。(3)城市女生在13岁前视力不良检出率及增长速度均大于城市男生，13岁后呈相反趋势。乡村女生在14岁前视力不良检出率及增长速度均大于乡村男生，14岁后呈相反趋势。结论佳木斯城乡男女生视力不良增长速度峰值年龄前移趋势得到了控制，视力不良增长速度在青春期存在交叉现象。
- 学生 /
- 视力不良 /
- 曲线拟合 /
- 趋势分析
Abstract: Objective To understand the current status and trend of the increasing rate of poor eyesight with age among students in Jiamusi City, so as to provide a basis for the prevention and control of poor eyesight. Methods Data were collected from the investigation of students' physical constitution and health status in Jiamusi City in 2019. Students aged 7 to 18 with complete information of gender, age, urban/rural areas, and poor eyesight were selected as subjects. A total of 37 544 students were selected, including 19 177 boys and 18 367 girls. Curve fitting was adopted to construct the increase rate model of poor eyesight, so as to analyze the differences and characteristics in the increase rate of poor eyesight between male and female students in urban and rural areas. Results (1) The poor eyesight rate of Han ethnic group students aged 7 to 18 in Jiamusi was 71.89%. Female students had higher overall and severe poor eyesight rates than those of male ones, and urban students had higher overall and all degrees of poor eyesight rates than those of rural ones. The overall and severe poor eyesight rates tended to increase with age, while mild poor eyesight rate tended to decrease. (2) Urban boys had a greater increasing rate than that of rural boys before age 12, which crossed over at age 12 and then showed an opposite trend. Urban girls had a higher increasing rate than that of rural ones before age 10, which crossed over at age 10 and then showed an opposite trend. (3) Urban girls had higher increasing rate of poor eyesight than that of urban boys before age 13, with an opposite trend after age 13. Rural girls had higher increasing rate of poor eyesight than that of rural boys before age 14, with an opposite trend after age 14. Conclusions There is an effective control for the trend of forward shift of the peak age of the increasing rate of poor eyesight in urban and rural boys and girls in Jiamusi City, and the increasing rate of poor eyesight crosses in adolescence.
- Students /
- Poor eyesight /
- Curve fitting /
- Trend analysis

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图 1 佳木斯市城乡男女生视力不良检出率变化情况

Figure 1. Changes in the detection rate of poor vision between male and female students in urban and rural areas in Jiamusi City

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图 2 佳木斯市城乡男女生视力不良检出率增长速度随年龄变化趋势

Figure 2. Trends of the increasing rate of poor eyesight with age among students in Jiamusi City

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表 1 佳木斯市7~18岁学生视力不良检出率[n(%)]

Table 1. Detection rate of poor vision among students aged 7-18 in Jiamusi City[n(%)]

变量	视力正常(n)	视力不良(%)	χ²值	P值
性别			185.61	< 0.001
男	5 983	13 194(68.80)
女	4 569	13 798(75.12)
年龄(岁)			3 340.18	< 0.001
7~ < 10	4 334	4 673(51.88)
10~ < 13	3 181	6 364(66.67)
13~ < 16	1 809	8 181(81.89)
16~18	1 228	7 774(86.36)
城乡			392.75	< 0.001
城市	6 228	18 825(75.14)
乡村	4 324	8 167(65.38)
合计	10 552	26 992(71.89)

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表 2 佳木斯市7~18岁学生各程度视力不良检出率[n(%)]

Table 2. Detection rate of various degrees of poor eyesight among students aged 7-18 in Jiamusi City [n(%)]

人口学特征	视力不良人数(n)	视力不良程度[ n(%)]			Z_(H)值	P值
人口学特征	视力不良人数(n)	轻度	中度	重度	Z_(H)值	P值
性别					-8.42	< 0.001
男	13 194	1 850(9.65)	3 604(18.79)	7 740(40.36)
女	13 798	1 664(9.06)	3 367(18.33)	8 767(47.73)
年龄(岁)					3 573.86	< 0.001
7~ < 10	4 673	1 492(16.56)	1 839(20.41)	1 342(14.89)
10~ < 13	6 364	946(9.91)	1 964(20.58)	3 454(36.19)
13~ < 16	8 181	602(6.03)	1 755(17.56)	5 824(58.29)
16~18	7 774	474(5.27)	1 413(15.69)	5 887(65.40)
城乡					-72.11	< 0.001
城市	18 825	2 535(10.12)	4 771(19.04)	11 519(45.98)
乡村	8 167	979(7.84)	2 200(17.61)	4 988(39.93)
合计	26 992	3 514(9.36)	6 971(18.56)	16 507(43.97)

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表 3 佳木斯市7~18岁城乡男女生视力不良检出率的比较[n(%)]

Table 3. Comparison of the detection rate of poor eyesight between male and female students in urban and rural areas aged 7-18 in Jiamusi City [n(%)]

年龄(岁)	调查人数(N)	城市男生受检人数[n (%)]	城市女生受检人数[n (%)]	乡村男生受检人数[n (%)]	乡村女生受检人数[n (%)]	χ²值	P值
7	2 925	995(48.84 ^a)	956(49.16 ^a)	492(39.84 ^b)	482(41.29 ^b)	18.87	< 0.001
8	3 047	1 063(55.41 ^a)	991(57.01 ^a)	496(45.56 ^b)	497(46.08 ^b)	29.39	< 0.001
9	3 035	1 062(58.66 ^a)	982(61.81 ^a)	504(47.62 ^b)	487(49.90 ^b)	38.09	< 0.001
10	3 450	1 297(62.91)	1 125(69.24)	526(50.76 ^a)	502(54.78 ^a)	64.78	< 0.001
11	3 261	1 154(66.98)	1 064(75.66)	534(52.43 ^a)	509(59.72 ^a)	97.73	< 0.001
12	2 834	947(72.65 ^a)	851(82.02)	525(59.81)	511(71.43 ^a)	81.89	< 0.001
13	3 293	1 117(78.07 ^a)	1 092(88.19)	549(65.76)	535(77.76 ^a)	115.78	< 0.001
14	3 272	1 153(81.44 ^a)	1 064(90.79)	558(68.28)	497(80.68 ^a)	128.32	< 0.001
15	3 425	1 213(83.76 ^a)	1 145(90.74)	535(72.34)	532(82.71^a)	94.23	< 0.001
16	2 902	901(84.91 ^a)	921(90.12)	551(77.13)	529(83.55^a)	46.08	< 0.001
17	2 971	899(86.43 ^ab)	1 013(89.93 ^a)	548(77.74)	511(84.34^b)	44.20	< 0.001
18	3 129	1 016(88.78 ^ab)	1 032(91.67 ^ac)	542(82.1)	539(87.94 ^bc)	32.02	< 0.001
合计	37 544	12 817 (72.14)	12 236(78.29)	6 360(62.08)	6 131(68.81)	579.95	< 0.001
注：^abc表示进行两两比较后，若两组间不包含相同字母，则差异有统计学意义。

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表 4 佳木斯市7~18岁学生视力不良检出率随年龄增长速度模型

Table 4. Models of the increasing rate of poor eyesight among students aged 7-18 in Jiamusi City

变量	b₀	b₁	b₂	b₃	R²值
标化年龄增长模型
城市男生	76.774	12.902	-2.529 4	-0.740 1	0.995 3
城市女生	86.307	12.193	-5.570 1	-0.717 5	0.990 0
乡村男生	65.659	14.604	-0.956 4	-0.968 7	0.991 4
乡村女生	76.469	16.661	-4.557 2	-1.915 3	0.984 2
原始年龄增长模型
城市男生	31.946	-0.512	0.574 7	-0.020 7	-
城市女生	-5.991	6.798	0.287 4	-0.020 5	-
乡村男生	54.452	-7.432	0.972 0	-0.026 4	-
乡村女生	63.141	-12.899	1.771 2	-0.054 8	-
原始年龄增长速度模型
城市男生	-0.512	1.149	-0.062 1	-	-
城市女生	6.798	0.575	-0.061 5	-	-
乡村男生	-7.432	1.944	-0.079 2	-	-
乡村女生	-12.899	3.542	-0.164 4	-	-

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