暴露后干预共性技术与结核病预防

辛赫男; 高磊

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2022.11.006

暴露后干预共性技术与结核病预防

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2022.11.006

辛赫男,
高磊^,

100730 北京，中国医学科学院病原生物学研究所

基金项目:

中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程项目 2021-I2M-1-037

详细信息

通讯作者:
高磊，E-mail：gaolei@ipbcams.ac.cn

中图分类号: R52
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-25
- 修回日期: 2022-06-26
- 网络出版日期: 2022-12-21
- 刊出日期: 2022-11-10

Post-exposure prophylaxis and tuberculosis prevention

XIN He-nan,
GAO Lei^,

Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China

Funds:

CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences 2021-I2M-1-037

More Information

Corresponding author: GAO Lei, E-mail:gaolei@ipbcams.ac.cn

摘要

摘要: 我国是结核病高负担国家，要实现终结结核病流行的全球战略目标，还需要进一步完善现有的技术体系和防控策略。暴露后干预(post-exposure prophylaxis, PEP)作为一种有效的预防手段在传染病控制工作中得到广泛应用，但是在结核病领域应用较少。目前，与病原学阳性肺结核患者有密切接触的＜5岁儿童是被建议开展PEP的唯一群体，主要的干预手段是基于抗结核药物的预防性治疗。本文旨在探讨PEP在结核病预防工作中潜在的应用价值及面临的挑战，为完善肺结核密切接触者的管理工作以及实践结核病防控工作从预防发病到预防感染的“关口前移”提供新的思路。
- 结核病 /
- 传染病 /
- 暴露风险评估 /
- 暴露后干预
Abstract: China is one of the high burden countries on tuberculosis, current tuberculosis control strategy need to be further improved in order to achieve the End Tuberculosis Strategy. As a widely used effective tool in preventing infectious diseases, post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) has not yet been systematically applied in tuberculosis control. Currently, children aged < 5 years with close contacts to microbiologically confirmed tuberculosis patients was the only target population recommended to initiate PEP with anti-tuberculosis agents. The present study illustrated the application of PEP in preventing infectious diseases. The values of PEP in tuberculosis prevention and challenge faced were further discussed. It might provide new insight for improving close contacts management and moving tuberculosis control action forward from preventing disease occurrence to controlling infection.
- Tuberculosis /
- Infectious disease /
- Risk evaluation /
- Post-exposure prophylaxis

HTML全文

图 1 密切接触者暴露风险等级评估和管理

Figure 1. Assessment and management of exposure risk level of close contacts

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 暴露后干预和潜伏感染预防性治疗的区别和联系

Table 1. Difference and relationship between post-exposure prophylaxis and preventive treatment of latent infection

项目	密切接触者的暴露后干预	潜伏感染人群的预防性治疗
干预目的	降低有近期暴露史的高风险人群的感染风险和近期感染后的发病风险	降低潜伏感染者发病风险
目标人群	有近期暴露史、感染状态未知的高风险人群，目前国际指南建议的干预对象主要是与活动性肺结核患者有密切接触的＜5岁儿童	已明确感染状态且有较高发病风险的潜伏感染者，包括合并HIV感染者、近期感染者、免疫抑制剂使用者、器官移植人群、硅沉着病患者等
干预手段	暴露后化疗、疫苗(预防感染)、生物制剂等	预防性化疗、疫苗(预防发病)、生物制剂等

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