摘要:
目的 了解无锡市人类免疫缺陷病毒（human immunodeficiency virus，HIV）感染者/获得性免疫缺陷综合症（acquired immunodeficiency syndrome，AIDS）患者的心理健康和社会支持状况，探究其心理和社会支持的影响因素和两者之间的关系。方法 采用现况调查的方法，用90项症状自评量表（90 symptom checklist，SCL-90）和社会支持量表（social support rating scale，SSRS）对110名已确诊为HIV阳性的感染者进行心理健康调查。结果 该人群的SCL-90的筛查阳性有66人（60.00%），总分及各因子均分均高于中国常模，差异均有统计学意义（均有P<0.001）。社会支持的总分和三个维度得分均小于中国常模（均有P<0.05），其中主观支持得分在不同年龄段和婚姻状况下差异均具有统计学意义（均有P<0.05）。相关分析发现，除躯体化、强迫和其他三个因子外，社会支持总分与其他七个因子均分和总分均存在负相关（均有P<0.05）；客观支持与总分、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑和恐怖均存在负相关（均有P<0.05）；主观支持与总分、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、偏执和精神病性均存在负相关（均有P<0.05）；利用度与心理健康状况均不存在相关性（均有P>0.05）。结论 无锡市HIV感染者存在较多心理健康问题，社会支持普遍较低，应该加强该人群的心理健康辅导，增加对该人群的社会支持，尤其是客观支持和主观支持。
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the psychological and the social support status of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and to analyze factors which influenced their psychological and social support status in Wuxi. Methods A total of 110 people diagnosed with HIV-positive were recruited in this cross-sectional study. A questionnaire which included 90 Symptom Checklist (SCL-90) and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) was answered by participants. Results The number of SCL-90 screening positive participants was 66(60.00%), and the total and subscale mean scores were higher than those of norm of China (all P<0.001). Social support total and subscale scores were less than those of norm of China (all P<0.05). And the subjective score had difference in different ages and marital status (all P<0.05). Correlation analysis found that total social support score was negatively correlated with total and subscale mean scores except the mean scores of somatization, obsessive-compulsive and others (all P<0.05); objective support score was negatively correlated with total mean score and subscale mean scores of interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety and phobic anxiety (all P<0.05); subjective support score was negatively correlated with total mean score and subscale mean scores of interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, anger/hostility, paranoid ideation and psychoticism (all P<0.05); there was no significant correlation between the utilization of supports and all mean scores on the SCL-90 (all P>0.05). Conclusions There are many psychological problems among people living with HIV/AIDS in Wuxi, and their social support total and subscale scores were generally low. They should experience more mental health counseling and psychological services, and be given more social support, especially objective support and subjective support.
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