Abstract: Objective To explore the influence of maternal birth weight on newborn birth weight, so as to study whether the mother intrauterine dysplasia affect the growth of children. Methods A nested case-control study and multiple linear regression models were used to explore the relationship of maternal birth weight and newborn birth weight, Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the further influence of maternal birth weight on small for gestational age(SGA) and large for gestational age(LGA). Results The incidence of SGA and LGA were 7.04% and 14.65% respectively. The positive association for matermal brith weight remained, getting a result in offspring birth weight by 174 g (β=0.174, 95% CI：0.134-0.213) for every 1 000 g rise in maternal birth weight. The incidence of SGA showed a declining trend with maternal birth weight increasing (χ_trend²=13.791, P<0.001), and the incidence of LGA increased with maternal birth weight (χ_trend²=7.900, P=0.005), maternal low birth weight (<2 500 g) was a risk factor for SGA (aOR=2.458, 95% CI：1.333-4.534). In pregnancy weight gain multilevel Logistic models, the conclusion basically remained unchanged, but the risk rations of SGA in low maternal birth weight among pregnant women who were low weight-gaining during pregnancy were higher than those who were stable weight-gaining. Conclusions Low maternal birth weight is a risk factor for SGA, and newborn birth weight increases with maternal birth weight, but no evidence showed that there is a relationship between maternal birth weight and LGA.