Abstract: During recent several decades, the global disease burden of infectious diseases decreased substantially. However, morbidity and mortality associated with common infectious diseases should not be overlooked. In addition, under the influence of such factors as global climate change, rapid urbanization, and rapid population movement, new emerging infectious diseases become severe threat to global public health. Both the whole world and China are threatened by both common and new emerging infectious diseases. The control and prevention of infectious diseases under new circumstances should strengthen global cooperation, and require interdisciplinary and trans-department collaboration.