摘要:
目的 了解城乡社区老年人高血压服药情况及其影响因素。方法 选取安徽省六安市城乡两个社区共1 080名老年人为研究对象进行问卷调查和体检。结果 1 080名老年中共分析了1 029例血压测量完整资料，其中高血压患者669例，高血压服药率为43.6%（292/669），知晓率为68.9%（461/669），知晓中的服药率为63.3%（292/461）。城市高血压患者的服药率高于农村，差异具有统计学意义（χ2=216.267，P<0.001）；男女高血压患者服药率差别无统计学意义（χ2=0.122，P=0.727）；高血压患者服药率随年龄的增长而升高，差别无统计学意义（χ2=5.581，P=0.061）。多元Logistic回归分析显示，城市患者服药的可能性是农村患者的8.290倍（95%CI：4.809~14.290，P<0.001），国企和专业技术人员、商业和服务人员患者服药的可能性分别是农林人员的1.959倍（95%CI：1.067~3.597，P=0.030）和2.906倍（95%CI：1.297~6.513，P=0.010），有高血压家族史患者服药的可能性是无高血压家族史患者的1.571倍（95%CI：1.053~2.343，P=0.027）。结论 城乡社区老年高血压患者服药率偏低，特别是无高血压家族史和农村的老年患者。应重点干预他们进而提高其服药率。
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the prevalence and associated factors of antihypertensive medication use in urban and rural community-dwelling elderly with hypertension. Methods A total of 1 080 elderly people from two communities in urban and rural areas in Lu'an City, Anhui Province were invited to participate in the questionnaire and physical examination. Results Of 1 080 elderly people, 1 029 with complete data were analyzed, including 669 patients with hypertension. The prevalence of antihypertensive medication use was 43.6% (292/669), and 68.9% (461/669) patients knew they had suffered from hypertension, of which the prevalence of antihypertensive medication use was 63.3% (292/461). The prevalence of antihypertensive medication use among hypertensive patients was higher in urban community than in rural community, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=216.267,P<0.001). No statistically significant difference was found between males and females in the prevalence of antihypertensive medication use (χ2=0.122,P=0.727).Although there was a trend of increasing prevalence with age for antihypertensive medication use, no statistically significance was observed (χ2=5.581,P=0.061). The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the possibility of antihypertensive medication use among elderly patients in urban community was 8.290 times (95% CI:4.809-14.290,P<0.001) campared with patients with hypertension in rural community. Compared to the agricultural or forestry personnels, the possibility of antihypertensive medication use among elderly from state-owned enterprises or professional and technical personnels and commercial and service personnels was 1.959 times (95% CI:1.067-3.597,P=0.030) and 2.906 times (95% CI:1.297-6.513,P=0.010). Compared to patients without family history of hypertension, the possibility of antihypertensive medication use among patients with family history of hypertension was 1.571 times (95% CI:1.053-2.343,P=0.027). Conclusions The prevalence of antihypertensive medication use among urban and rural community-dwelling elderly with hypertension is low, especially for elderly without family history of hypertension or from rural community. More attention should be paid to improving their prevalence of antihypertensive medication use.
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