Abstract: Objective To collect and sort out the information about the malignant tumor among the local people in Yinchuan from 2011 to 2015, and to analyze the distribution,the death situation and the trend of changes, which can provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of malignant tumor. Methods The data of malignant tumor deaths in Yinchuan from the year of 2011 to 2015 were collected, the mortality, the sequence of the cause of death and the potential years of life lost (PYLL), potential years of life lost rate (PYLLR) and average years of life lost (AYLL) were calculated and analyzed, Chi square test was used. Results 7 775 people were died from malignant tumor among these 5 years, accounting for 19.56% of the total number of deaths, the average mortality rate was 75.53 per 10 million, and the rate was higher in male than in female with a significant difference (χ²=409.50,P<0.001).Lung cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer and esophageal cancer were among the top 5 in many malignant tumors, which accounted for 67.61% of the total deaths of malignant tumors. The PYLL, PYLLR and AYLL of top ten cancers were 32 390 years, 3.14 per thousand and 71.56 years. Conclusions Malignant tumor is the main cause of death of residents in Yinchuan, especially lung cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer and colorectal cancer. Thus, currently, carrying out comprehensive prevention and control is the primary task of public health work. The work may contain community cancer prevention, health education, high-risk population screening, early diagnosis and early treatment of malignant tumors, etc.