Abstract: Objective To understand the dynamic distribution of avian influenza virus in live poultry markets in Jiangxi Province, so as to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of human avian influenza epidemic. Methods A total of 15 districts or counties live poultry markets in Jiangxi Province were selected by random sampling. The live poultry market environmental specimens to detect the nucleic acid of avian influenza virus were carried out by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR). The results were statistically analyzed with Excel and SPSS 19.0 software. Results A total of 3 057 samples were collected and tested from April 2015 to December 2016, and the overall positive rate of avian influenza A virus was 50.44% (1 542 cases), among which, the positive rates of H9 was 43.97%, type A unclassified was 19.78%, and H5 and H9 mixed type was 19.07%. Higher positive rates of influenza A virus were observed in Leping City (87.62%) and Yushui county (80.48%), but the pollution situation of avian influenza virus in both live poultry markets was different. Leping City was mainly polluted by H5 and H9 subtypes, and Yushui county was H9 subtype. The positive rates of avian influenza virus in poultry drinking samples and clean poultry samples were 63.84% and 60.0%, respectively. All four quarters had detected avian influenza A virus, with the fourth quarter having the highest positive rate of 54.60%. Conclusions There are H5, H9 and various subtypes of avian influenza virus pollution in the environment of live poultry markets in Jiangxi Province. Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken to reduce the risk of infection.