Abstract: Objective To assess early neurodevelopment of premature infants and explore its influencing factors and provide guidance on health care for premature infants. Methods A total of 859 premature infants were followed up and given early comprehensive intervention. Bayley scales of infant development (BSID-I) was used to evaluate their mental and motor development. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to explore influencing factors of mental and motor development. Results At the corrected age of 6 months, the growth retardation rate of mental and motor development was 2.4% and 3.4%, respectively. Premature infants with birth weight ≥ 2 000 g, monthly household income ≥ 5 000 yuan and breast-feeding within the first 6 months had better mental development (all P<0.05); and those with monthly household income ≥ 5 000 yuan, breast-feeding within the first 6 months and with completed early family intervention had better motor development (all P<0.05). Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that mental development was positively correlated with breast-feeding within the first 6 months (β=2.827, 95% CI:0.348-5.305), higher birth weight (β=4.030, 95% CI:1.351-6.710) and higher monthly household income (β=2.909, 95% CI:0.352-5.465);and mental development was positively correlated with completed early family intervention (β=2.331, 95% CI:0.146-4.516) and higher monthly household income (β=2.848, 95% CI:0.156-5.541). Conclusions Breast-feeding within 6 months and early family intervention could promote neurodevelopment of premature infants. Thus, more attention should be paid to premature infants with lower birth weight and lower household income.