Abstract: Objective To understand the death characteristics of chronic airway diseases in Zhangwu and Fengcheng rural areas of Liaoning Province, so as to provide corresponding prevention and control strategies for preventing and treating chronic airway diseases. Methods The death data and total population data of all death caused in Zhangwu and Fengcheng area of Liaoning Province in 2016 were collected. Statistical analysis was conducted by SPSS 20.0 and SAS 9.3 to calculate the order of death, mortality of chronic airway disease, standardized mortality and mortality with age. Results In 2016, the mortality and standardized mortality rates of chronic airway diseases in rural areas of Zhangwu and Fengcheng were 33.16/100 000 and 22.96/100 000, respectively. The standardized mortality rate of female chronic airway disease (23.89/100 000) was greater than that of males (22.07/100 000), and the difference was statistically significant(χ²=480.62,P<0.001);The standardized mortality rate of chronic airway disease in Zhangwu was higher than that in Fengcheng, and the difference was statistically significant(χ²=57 771.18,P<0.001); The number of deaths from chronic airway disease in winter and spring (196 people) was more than that in summer and autumn (127 people). The mortality and standardized mortality rates of chronic airway diseases increased with age(Z₁=30.13,Z₂=1 189.96,all P<0.05). Conclusions Chronic airway disease is an important disease that causes death in Zhangwu and Fengcheng, Liaoning Province. The characteristics of death have differences in sex, age, region and season, etc. A series of targeted measures should be taken to reduce the mortality of chronic airway disease and to reduce the harm to people.