摘要:
目的 了解2005-2016年某市淋病流行特征和时空变化规律，为实施卫生资源优化配置、提高淋病的防控效果提供科学依据。方法 疾病数据来源于传染病网络直报信息系统，采用动态数列和年估计百分化变化（estimating average percent change，EAPC）研究其时间变化规律，采用地理信息系统（geographic information system，GIS）研究其空间变化规律。结果 2005-2016年某市报告淋病发病数为10 842例，平均发病率为13.80/10万。男女性别比为2.12：1；20~39岁为高发人群（63.17%），主要职业为农民（31.51%）、家政（13.00%）和商业服务业（12.04%）。2005-2016年淋病平均发展速度为97.86%，平均增长速度为-2.14%，年EAPC为-5.16%，变化稳定。所辖区发病率较高的是岳麓区（22.65/10万）、雨花区（20.31/10万）和芙蓉区（18.24/10万），构成比较高的是宁乡市（24.33%）、浏阳市（15.57%）、雨花区（14.57%）和岳麓区（12.99%），宁乡县和浏阳市一直表现出淋病的高发聚集性。结论 2005-2016年某市淋病发病率稍高于全国平均水平，但呈稳定的负向增长，应加强重点区域、重点人群的防控，共同营造预防性病的社会环境。
Abstract:
Objective To explore the epidemic characteristics, along with the temporal and spatial variations of gonorrhea in one city in China from 2005 to 2016 so as to provide scientific basis for the optimal allocation of health resources and prevention of gonorrhea. Methods All data used was from the information reporting management system of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The data used included the incidence and three distribution features that were analyzed for the epidemic characteristics of gonorrhea, the dynamic sequence and estimating average percent change that were analyzed for temporal variations, along with the matic map and the hot spot map in GIS that were analyzed for spatial variation. Results There were 10 842 patients who contracted gonorrhea in one city in China from 2005 to 2016, while the average incidence rate was 13.80/100 000. In patients, the ratio of male to female was 2.12:1, 63.17% of them aged from 20 to 39 years, the major occupations of them were farmers (31.51%), unemployed (13.00%), business or service people(12.04%). The average development speed of gonorrhea was 97.86%, the average growth rate was -2.14%, and the annual estimated differentiation was -5.16%, the change was stable. The relatively high incidence of gonorrhea was observed in Yuelu District (22.65/100 000), Rainflower District (20.31/100 000) and Furong District (18.24/100 000), Ningxiang (24.33%), Liuyang (15.57%), Yuelu (14.57%) and Yuelu districts(12.99%) occupied a higher constituent ratio of patients, Ningxiang and Liuyang showed high incidence of gonorrhea from 2005 to 2016. Conclusion The average incidence of gonorrhea in the city was slightly higher than the average incidence in China, but showed a steady negative growth from the year 2005 to 2016, we should pay attention to the key areas (Ningxiang, Liuyang, Yuhua and Yuelu District), the key population(from 20 to 39 years old; male; farmer, housekeeping, business or service people), to create a social environment for the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases together.
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