摘要:
目的 分析烟台市艾滋病病毒（human immunodeficiency virus，HIV）感染者/艾滋病（acquired immunodeficiency syndrome，AIDS）患者（HIV/AIDS）的空间分布特征，探索热点区域，为制订卫生政策，合理配置卫生资源提供依据。方法 基于地理信息系统（geographic information system，GIS），运用全局空间自相关统计量Moran's I和局域自相关统计量（local indicators of spatial autocorrelation，LISA）分析烟台市HIV/AIDS的空间聚集性，运用空间扫描统计量相对危险度（relative risk，RR）探索烟台市HIV/AIDS热点区域。结果 1992-2017年，共报告现住址为烟台市的HIV/AIDS病例1 007人，以同性传播为主，在乡镇（街道）水平上呈空间自相关性（Moran's I=0.257 5，P<0.001），以高-高、低-低和低-高聚集区为主。空间扫描分析发现两个热点区域，分别以芝罘区和龙口为中心，最可能集群为芝罘区、福山区的清洋街道、福新街道、开发区的福莱山街道、古现街道、八角街道、莱山区的初家街道、滨海路街道、黄海路街道（RR=4.22，P<0.001），次要集群为龙口的东莱街道、龙岗街道、新嘉街道、诸由观镇、东江镇、徐福街道（RR=2.14，P<0.001）。结论 烟台市HIV/AIDS呈现聚集性分布，应该对芝罘区和龙口等热点区域进行重点防控，并加强男男性行为人群（men who have sex with men，MSM）的干预工作。
Abstract:
Objective To analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients in Yantai and explore the hot spots of HIV/AIDS, in order to provide theoretical basis for the formulation of public health policies and the allocation of health resources in Yantai City. Methods Based on geographic information system (GIS), the spatial cluster of HIV/AIDS in Yantai was analyzed using Moran's I and local indicators of spatial autocorrelation (LISA). Spatial scanning statistics relative risk (RR) was used to explore the hot spots of HIV/AIDS in Yantai. Results A total of 1 007 HIV/AIDS cases in Yantai were reported from 1992 to 2017. Homosexuality was the major route of HIV/AIDS transmission. It showed spatial autocorrelation at township (street) level in Yantai (Moran's I=0.257 5, P<0.001), the main types of accumulation areas were high-high, low-low and low-high accumulation area. A total of two hot spots were discovered by spatial scanning analysis, centered on Zhifu District and Longkou City, respectively. The most likely clusters were Zhifu District, Qing Yang Street, Fuxin Street in Fushan District, Fu Laishan streets, Guxian streets, Bajiao streets in Kaifaqu District and Chujia streets, Binhailu Streets and Huanghailu streets in Laishan District (RR=4.22, P<0.001). The secondly clusters were Donglai Street, Longgang Street, Xinjia Street, Zhuyouguan Town, Dongjiang Town and Xufu Street (RR=2.14, P<0.001) in Longkou City. Conclusions HIV/AIDS epidemic shows a spatial dependence in Yantai. Prevention should be focused on hot spots, such as Zhifu District and Longkou City, and intervention of HIV among men who have sex with men (MSM) should be strengthened.
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