Abstract: Objective To analyze the survival rates of HIV/AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy and related factors,and evaluate the effect of ART in Beijing in 2005-2015. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the data collected from the National HAART reporting system during 2005-2015. Life table method was applied to calculate the survival proportion; Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the average survival time at the end of observation; COX proportion hazard regression model was performed to identify the factors related to survival time. Results A total number of 10 077 cases was selected; the average survival time was 131.24 months(130.48-132.00), and the total case fatality ratio was 0.45/100, and the 1, 5 and 10 actuarial survival rates were 99.25%, 98.22% and 96.01% after ART. Multivariate COX regression showed the related factors were transmission route, patients'age and the CD4⁺T cell counts when antiretroviral therapy began. Conclusions The antiretroviral therapy resulted in low fatality rate and high survival rate among HIV/AIDS patients and was significantly effective in Beijing; the related factors were transmission route, patients' age and CD4⁺T cell counts when antiretroviral therapy began.