-
摘要:
目的 了解我国老年人慢性病患病率、共病患病及共病组合情况。 方法 采用中国健康与养老追踪调查(china health and retirement longitudinal study,CHARLS)于2015年发布的数据,对选取的11 698个60岁以上老年人样本进行慢性病患病现状、共病患病现状的描述性统计分析。 结果 我国60岁及以上老年人的慢性病患病率为69.13%,其中,患病率排名前三位的依次为关节炎或风湿病(38.50%),高血压(26.42%),胃部或消化道系统疾病(24.53%)。共病患病率为43.65%,共病率排在前三位的顺次为关节炎或风湿病(28.78%)、高血压(21.29%)、胃部或消化系统疾病(20.01%);常见的二元疾病组合为胃部或消化道系统疾病+关节炎或风湿病、高血压+关节炎或风湿病、慢性肺部疾患+关节炎或风湿病等模式;常见的三元疾病组合为高血压+胃部或消化道系统疾病+关节炎或风湿病、胃部或消化道系统疾病+慢性肺部疾患+关节炎或风湿病、高血压+心脏病+关节炎或风湿病等模式。 结论 我国老年人慢性病患病率、共病率较高,慢性病患病、共病患病情况较为严重。卫生行政部门应提高对慢性病共病的管理意识,采取相应措施以提升老年人健康水平。 Abstract:Objective To invistigate the prevalence of chronic diseases, the conditions and patterns of multimorbidity in elderly people of China. Methods A total of 11 698 samples aged over 60 years were selected from 2015 data of china health and retirement longitudinal study(CHARLS) for descriptive statistics analysis of chronic disease and multimorbidity status. Results The prevalence of chronic diseases was 69.13%. Top three diseases of prevalence were arthritis or rheumatism (38.50%), hypertension (26.42%), stomach or Gastrointestinal system diseases (24.53%). The prevalence of multimorbidity was 43.65%, and top three diseases of multimorbidity were arthritis or rheumatism (28.78%), hypertension (21.29%), stomach or digestive system disease (20.01%); Common dual disease combinations were gastric or digestive tract disease+arthritis or rheumatism, hypertension + arthritis or rheumatism, chronic lung disease + arthritis or rheumatism; common three disease combinations were hypertension+stomach or digestive tract disease + arthritis or rheumatism, stomach or digestive system disease + chronic lung disease + arthritis or rheumatism, hypertension+heart disease+joints inflammation or rheumatism. Conclusions The prevalence of chronic diseases and multimorbidity among elderly people are high in China and conditions of chronic diseases and multimorbidity are not optimistic. The health administrative department should raise awareness of management in chronic diseases and multimorbidity, and take actions to improve the health status of the elderly. -
Key words:
- Elderly people /
- Chronic diseases /
- Multimorbidity /
- CHARLS data
-
表 1 样本基本情况
Table 1. Basic situation of sample
特征 人数 年龄(x±s) 不患慢性病 患一种 患两种及以上 性别 男 5 705 69.97±7.58 1 893 1 485 2 327 女 5 993 70.39±8.19 1 718 1 496 2 779 年龄(岁) 60~ 6 504 64.34±2.79 2 118 1 737 2 649 70~ 3 413 73.87±2.80 893 813 1 707 80~ 1 648 83.78±2.34 561 391 696 ≥90 130 93.02±3.37 38 38 54 表 2 慢性病患病人数统计表
Table 2. The number of chronic disease patients
慢性病种类 患病人数 慢性病种类 患病人数 关节炎或风湿病 4 504 糖尿病或血糖升高 777 高血压 3 091 哮喘 574 胃部或消化道系统疾病 2 870 肝脏疾病 508 心脏病 1 604 中风 339 慢性肺部疾患 1 442 与记忆相关的疾病 255 血脂异常 1 235 情感及精神方面问题 182 肾脏疾病 816 癌症等恶性肿瘤 129 表 3 慢性病患病数量基本情况
Table 3. The number of patients in different disease number
患病数量 人数 患病数量 人数 0 3 611 6 166 1 2 981 7 65 2 2 374 8 25 3 1371 9 8 4 734 10 2 5 361 -
[1] World Health Organization. The World Health Report 2008. Primary Health Care (Now more than ever)[EB/OL]. (2008)[2018-6-10] http://www.who.int/whr/2008/en/. [2] 中华人民共和国2017年国民经济和社会发展统计公报[J]. 中国统计, 2018(3): 7-20.Statistical Bulletin of the People's Republic of China on National Economic and Social Development in 2017[J]. China Statistics, 2018(3): 7-20. [3] 路云, 颜俊娴, 华娟. 老年人共病管理的研究现状及经验探究[J]. 卫生经济研究, 2017, (7): 58-61. DOI: 10.14055/j.cnki.33-1056/f.20170705.003.Lu Y, Yan JX, Hua J. Research status and experience of comorbidity management in the elderly[J]. Health Economics Research, 2017, (7): 58-61. DOI: 10.14055/j.cnki.33-1056/f.20170705.003. [4] 崔瑶, 刘谦, 秦明照. 老年共病现状及管理策略[J]. 中国全科医学, 2017, 20(23): 2816-2819. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2017.06.y54.Cui Y, Liu Q, Qin MZ. Status and Management Strategies of Multiple Chronic Conditions in Older Adults[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2017, 20(23): 2816-2819. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2017.06.y54. [5] 唐聪, 李檬妤, 王斌, 等. 武汉市老年人慢性病患病现状及知信行调查[J]. 中国老年学杂志, 2017, 37(5): 1231-1234. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-9202.2017.05.091.Tang C, Li MY, Wang B, et al. Prevalence of chronic disease among older people in Wuhan city and the knowledge, attitude, practice about chronic disease[J]. Chinese Journal of Gerontology, 2017, 37(5): 1231-1234. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-9202.2017.05.091. [6] 胡小兰. 社区老年慢性病共病的现况调查[D]. 北京: 首都医科大学, 2015.Hu XL. Investigation on the status quo of comorbid chronic diseases in the community[D]. Beijing: Capital Medical University, 2015. [7] 王诗镔. 吉林省成人慢性病及其危险因素现况研究[D]. 长春: 吉林大学, 2015.Wang SZ. Study on the status and risk factors of adult chronic diseases in Jilin Province[D]. Changchun: Jilin University, 2015. [8] 李玉静. 老年人慢性病患病现状及其影响因素分析[D]. 唐山: 华北理工大学, 2015.Li YJ. Analysis of the status quo and influencing factors of chronic diseases in the elderly[D]. Tangshan: North China University of Technology, 2015. [9] 熊跃根, 杨雪. 我国城市老年人健康水平的性别差异研究——基于CHARLS数据的实证分析[J]. 江苏行政学院学报, 2016, (4): 56-65. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-8860.2016.04.008.Xiong YG, Yang X. Gender Differences in Health Level of Urban Elderly in China——An Empirical Analysis Based on CHARLS Data[J]. The Journal of Jiangsu Administration Institute, 2016, (4): 56-65. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-8860.2016.04.008. [10] 李慧, 叶浩森, 徐郁, 等. 珠海市居民慢性病患病情况及其影响因素分析[J]. 中华疾病控制杂志, 2018, 22(1): 14-18. DOI:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2018.01.004.Li H, Ye HS, Xu Y, et al. Analysis of the prevalence of chronic diseases and its influencing factors in Zhuhai residents[J]. Chin J Dis Control Prev, 2018, 22(1): 14-18. DOI: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2018.01.004.zhjbkz.2018.01.004. [11] 吴晓丽, 徐辉, 余清, 等. 健康管理对老年人慢性疾病的干预效果评价[J]. 中华疾病控制杂志, 2018, 22(6): 573-576. DOI: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2018.06.008.Wu XL, Xu H, Yu Q, et al. Evaluation of intervention effect of health management on chronic diseases in the elderly[J]. Chin J Dis Control Prev, 2018, 22(6): 573-576. DOI: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2018.06.008. [12] 王姣锋, 张紫欢, 崔月, 等. 上海部分社区老年人共病患病模式及其影响因素分析[J]. 老年医学与保健, 2017, 23(2): 97-101. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1008-8296.2017.02.011.Wang YF, Zhang ZH, Cui Y, et al. Analysis of the prevalence of comorbidity and its influencing factors in elderly communities in Shanghai[J]. Geriatr Health Care, 2017, 23(2): 97-101. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-8296.2017.02.011.Issn.1008-8296.2017.02.011. [13] 狄娜, 郑嘉堂, 王鹏飞, 等. 北京市老年人慢性病及共病分析[J]. 中国全科医学, 2018, 21(3): 265-268. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2017.00.217.Di N, Zheng JT, Wang PF, et al. Chronic diseases and comorbidity in the elderly in Beijing[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2018, 21(3): 265-268. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2017.00.217. [14] 高菡璐, 兰莉, 乔冬菊, 等. 1998-2010年哈尔滨市市区慢性病流行趋势分析[J]. 中华疾病控制杂志, 2012, 16(5): 396-399. http://zhjbkz.ahmu.edu.cn/article/id/JBKZ201205010Gao W, Lan L, Qiao DJ, et al. Analysis of the trend of chronic diseases in urban areas of Harbin from 1998 to 2010[J]. Chin J Dis Control Prev, 2012, 16(5): 396-399. http://zhjbkz.ahmu.edu.cn/article/id/JBKZ201205010 [15] 颜俊娴, 路云. 英国共病管理政策对我国的启示[J]. 现代商贸工业, 2018, 39(6): 66-68. DOI: 10.19311/j.cnki.1672-3198.2018.06.028.Yan JX, Lu Y. Enlightenment of British comorbid management policy to China[J]. Modern Business Trade Industry, 2018, 39(6): 66-68. DOI: 10.19311/j.cnki.1672-3198.2018.06.028.