Study on the moderating effect of social class on the relationship between residents'environment knowledge and environment protection behavior
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摘要:
目的 了解居民环境认知对环境保护行为的影响, 并探讨社会阶层在环境认知与环境保护行为关系间的调节效应。 方法 基于“中国综合社会调查(Chinese general social survey, CGSS)”2013年数据, 选取年龄介于18~60岁的5 746例被调查者作为研究对象, 应用回归分析, 探讨居民环境认知对环境保护行为的影响以及自评社会等级和文化程度的调节效应。 结果 居民环保行为分为私人领域环保行为和公共领域环保行为。多元线性回归分析显示, 居民环境认知影响其私人领域环保行为(β=0.18, P < 0.001)与公共领域环保行为(β=0.02, P=0.028)。调节效应结果显示, 自评社会等级在居民环境认知与公共领域环保行为间具有负向调节效应(β=-0.01, P=0.020), 对私人领域环保行为无调节效应; 文化水平在二者间均具有负向调节效应。 结论 环境宣教应重点关注社会阶层与文化水平相对较低的人群, 以最大化政策效果。 Abstract:Objective To study the influence of environment knowledge on environment protection behavior, and analyze moderating effect of social class on the relationship between environment knowledge and environment protection behavior. Methods Based on Chinese general social survey(CGSS) 2013, 5 746 residents aged from 18 to 60 were selected as subjects. Moderating effect model was used to explore social class' s moderation on the relationship between environment knowledge and protection behavior. Results Residents' environment protection behaviors were divided into private environment protection behaviors and public environment protection behaviors. Multiple linear regression results showed that residents' environment knowledge influenced private environment protection behaviors(β=0.18, P < 0.001), and public environment protection behaviors(β=0.02, P=0.028). Moderating effect analysis showed that self-reported social rank had a negative moderating effect between residents' environment knowledge and public environment protection behavior(β=-0.01, P=0.020), but had no moderating effect on private environment protection behavior. There were also negative moderating effects of education level. Conclusion Environment education policy should focus on residents with relatively low social classes, so as to maximize policy effectiveness. -
表 1 研究对象的基本特征
Table 1. Characters of subjects
变量 n (%) 性别 女 2 547(44.33) 男 3 199(55.67) 年龄(岁, x±s) 42.05±10.98 受教育程度 初中及以下 3 179(55.33) 高中/中专/技校/专科 1 971(34.30) 本科及以上 596(10.37) 政治面貌 非党员 5 115(89.02) 党员 631(10.98) 户口 农业户口 3 003(52.26) 非农业户口 2 743(47.74) 婚姻状况 无配偶 612(10.65) 有配偶 5 134(89.35) 年收入(元, x±s) 31 852.81± 43 790.72 自评社会等级(x±s) 4.46±1.64 政府环保作为评价 无作为 2 081(36.22) 有作为 3 665(63.78) 社会参与 无参与 3 325(57.87) 有参与 2 421(42.13) 健康状况 不健康 1 471(25.60) 健康 4 275(74.40) 宗教信仰 无宗教信仰 5 152(89.66) 有宗教信仰 594(10.34) 环境认知水平得分(分, x±s) 5.36±2.68 表 2 居民环境认知与环境保护行为的多元线性回归分析(模型Ⅰ)
Table 2. Multiple linear regression analysis of residents' environment knowledge and environment protection behavior
变量 私人领域 公共领域 β值 sx值 P值 β值 sx值 P值 环境认知 0.18 0.01 <0.001 0.02 0.01 0.028 性别(女) 男 -0.54 0.06 <0.001 0.05 0.05 0.297 年龄 0.00 0.00 0.165 -0.00 0.00 0.183 受教育程度(初中及以下) 高中/中专/技校/专科 0.53 0.07 <0.001 0.49 0.06 <0.001 本科及以上 0.92 0.12 <0.001 0.70 0.10 <0.001 户籍(农业) 非农业 0.76 0.07 <0.001 0.23 0.05 <0.001 婚姻状况(无偶) 有偶 -0.02 0.10 0.823 -0.12 0.09 0.194 收入对数 0.16 0.03 <0.001 0.12 0.03 <0.001 政治面貌(非党员) 党员 0.20 0.09 0.033 0.30 0.09 <0.001 自评社会等级 0.01 0.02 0.483 0.05 0.01 <0.001 社会参与(无参与) 参与 0.05 0.06 0.348 0.25 0.05 <0.001 政府环保作为(无作为) 有作为 0.24 0.06 <0.001 0.11 0.04 0.011 健康状况(不健康) 健康 0.11 0.07 0.099 -0.08 0.05 0.130 宗教信仰(无宗教信仰) 有宗教信仰 -0.08 0.09 0.342 0.10 0.07 0.179 常数 6.17 0.34 <0.001 4.24 0.27 <0.001 R2 0.20 0.09 表 3 社会阶层对居民环境认知与环境保护行为关系的调节效应分析
Table 3. Moderating effect of social class on the relationship between environment knowledge and environment protection behavior
变量 模型Ⅱ 模型Ⅲ 私人邻域 公共邻域 私人邻域 公共邻域 β值 Sx值 P值 β值 Sx值 P值 β值 Sx值 P值 β值 Sx值 P值 环境认知 0.18 0.01 < 0.001 0.02 0.01 0.036 0.20 0.02 < 0.001 0.05 0.01 < 0.001 性别(女) 男 -0.54 0.06 < 0.001 0.05 0.05 0.294 -0.54 0.06 < 0.001 0.04 0.05 0.327 年龄 0.00 0.00 0.164 0.00 -0.00 0.191 0.00 0.00 0.144 -0.00 0.00 0.154 受教育程度(初中及以下) 高中/中专/技校/专科 0.53 0.07 < 0.001 0.49 0.06 < 0.001 0.52 0.07 < 0.001 0.51 0.06 < 0.001 本科及以上 0.92 0.12 < 0.001 0.72 0.10 < 0.001 1.21 0.15 < 0.001 0.86 0.14 < 0.001 户籍(农业) 非农业 0.76 0.07 < 0.001 0.23 0.05 < 0.001 0.75 0.07 < 0.001 0.22 0.05 < 0.001 婚姻状况(无偶) 有偶 -0.02 0.10 0.830 -0.12 0.09 0.206 -0.03 0.10 0.762 -0.13 0.09 0.170 收入对数 0.16 0.03 < 0.001 0.12 0.03 < 0.001 0.15 0.03 < 0.001 0.12 0.03 < 0.001 政治面貌(非党员) 党员 0.20 0.09 0.032 0.31 0.09 < 0.001 0.20 0.09 0.030 0.31 0.09 < 0.001 自评社会等级 0.01 0.02 0.493 0.05 0.01 < 0.001 0.01 0.02 0.514 0.05 0.01 < 0.001 社会参与(无参与) 有参与 0.05 0.06 0.355 0.25 0.05 < 0.001 0.05 0.06 0.350 0.25 0.05 < 0.001 政府环保作为(无作为) 有作为 0.24 0.06 < 0.001 0.12 0.04 0.010 0.23 0.06 < 0.001 0.11 0.04 0.016 健康状况(不健康) 健康 0.11 0.07 0.100 -0.08 0.05 0.125 0.10 0.07 0.116 -0.09 0.05 0.086 宗教信仰(无) 有 -0.08 0.09 0.348 0.10 0.07 0.163 -0.07 0.09 0.400 0.11 0.07 0.139 自评社会等级*环境认知 0.00 0.01 0.634 -0.01 0.00 0.020 受教育程度*环境认知 初中及以下 高中/中专/技校/专科 -0.02 0.02 0.495 -0.07 0.02 0.001 本科及以上 -0.14 0.04 0.001 -0.11 0.04 0.008 常数 7.19 0.35 < 0.001 4.58 0.28 < 0.001 7.20 0.34 < 0.001 4.48 0.28 < 0.001 R2 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.10 -
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