Environmental and health literacy of medical students in minority areas of Gansu Province
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摘要:
目的 了解甘肃省少数民族地区医学生环境与健康素养具备情况, 为有针对性地开展环境与健康教育, 提高该人群的环境与健康素养水平提供科学依据。 方法 以环境保护部发布的《公民环境与健康素养测评技术指南(试行)》为基础设计问卷。采用分层整群随机抽样方法, 抽取甘肃省少数民族地区1 620名在校医学生进行问卷调查。 结果 甘肃省少数民族地区医学生具备环境与健康素养的比例仅为3.9%。一级分类素养中基本技能素养水平最高(39.0%), 基本知识素养水平最低(1.3%); 二级分类素养中认知技能素养水平最高(83.9%), 科学知识素养水平最低(1.3%)。单因素分析结果显示, 不同年级和民族医学生环境与健康素养具备率差异具有统计学意义(均有P < 0.05)。多因素分析结果显示, 民族、年级、年龄是环境与健康素养水平的影响因素。 结论 甘肃省少数民族地区医学生的环境与健康素养水平很低, 尤其是对环境与健康基本知识方面的了解。学校应有针对性地开展环境与健康教育, 提高学生环境健康素养水平。 Abstract:Objective To understand the environmental and health literacy of medical students in minority areas of Gansu province, so as to provide scientific basis for improving the environmental and health literacy of this population. Methods Questionnaire was designed based on the "core questions of citizen environmental and health literacy assessment" in the "technical guide for citizen environmental and health literacy assessment(trial)" issued by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China. Stratified cluster random sampling was used to select 1 620 medical students in the minority areas of Gansu Province for questionnaire survey. Results The proportion of medical students with environmental and health literacy in minority areas of Gansu Province was only 3.9%. In the first level classification literacy, the basic skills literacy level was the highest(39.0%), and the basic knowledge literacy level was the lowest(1.3%). Among the sub-categories, the cognitive skills were the highest(83.9%), and the scientific knowledge was the lowest(1.3%). The results of univariate analysis showed that there were statistical differences in owning rates of environmental and health literacy among medical students of different grades and nationalities. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that ethnicity, grade, and age were influencing factors of environmental and health literacy. Conclusions The environmental and health literacy level of medical students in minority areas of Gansu Province is very low, especially in terms of basic knowledge. Environmental and health education should carry out in these schools to improve students' environmental health literacy. -
Key words:
- Minority /
- Medical students /
- Environmental and health literacy /
- Status analysis
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表 1 不同人口学特征医学生环境与健康素养具备情况比较
Table 1. Comparison of medical students' environment and health literacy with different demographic characteristics
人口学特征 人数 环境与健康素养具备人数(%) χ2值 P值 性别 0.355 0.551 男 316 14(4.4) 女 1 267 47(3.7) 年级 22.412 < 0.001 三年级 272 17(6.3) 二年级 836 42(5.0) 一年级 475 2(0.4) 民族 49.233 < 0.001 汉 708 54(7.6) 少数民族 875 7(0.8) 学历 3.764 0.052 中专 1 243 54(4.3) 大专及以上 340 7(2.1) 
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表 2 不同人口学特征医学生三个一级分类素养具备情况比较[n(%)]
Table 2. Comparison of three primary classification literacy levels of medical students with different demographic characteristics[n(%)]
人口学特征 基本理念 基本知识 基本技能 性别 男 48(15.2) 8(2.5) 124(39.2) 女 128(10.1) 12(0.9) 493(38.9) χ2值 6.624 5.090 0.012 P值 0.010 0.024 0.914 年级 三年级 51(18.8) 6(2.2) 120(44.1) 二年级 102(12.2) 13(1.6) 380(45.5) 一年级 23(4.8) 1(0.2) 117(24.6) χ2值 35.957 6.728 58.888 P值 < 0.001 0.035 < 0.001 民族 汉 118(16.7) 17(2.4) 346(48.9) 少数民族 58(6.6) 3(0.3) 271(31.0) χ2值 39.904 13.290 52.711 P值 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 学历 中专 147(11.8) 16(1.3) 495(39.8) 大专及以上 29(8.5) 4(1.2) 122(35.9) χ2值 2.936 0.026 1.743 P值 0.087 0.871 0.187
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表 3 不同人口学特征医学生六个二级分类素养具备情况比较[n(%)]
Table 3. Comparison of six secondary classification literacy of medical students with different demographic characteristics[n(%)]
人口学特征 基本认知 基本态度 科学知识 行为知识 认知技能 操作技能 性别 男 50(15.8) 100(31.6) 7(2.2) 68(21.5) 261(82.6) 93(29.4) 女 150(11.8) 337(26.6) 13(1.0) 213(16.8) 1 067(84.2) 353(27.9) χ2值 3.637 3.224 2.867 3.839 0.491 0.277 P值 0.057 0.073 0.090 0.050 0.483 0.599 年级 三年级 61(22.4) 78(28.7) 4(1.5) 48(17.6) 232(85.3) 83(30.5) 二年级 117(14.0) 278(33.3) 13(1.6) 188(22.5) 738(88.3) 282(33.7) 一年级 22(4.6) 81(17.1) 3(0.6) 45(9.5) 358(75.4) 82(17.3) χ2值 52.591 39.969 2.184 35.141 37.830 41.382 P值 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.336 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 民族 汉 135(19.1) 261(36.9) 8(1.1) 174(24.6) 637(90.0) 259(36.6) 少数民族 65(7.4) 176(20.1) 12(1.4) 107(12.2) 691(79.0) 188(21.5) χ2值 48.031 54.940 0.183 40.867 35.042 44.012 P值 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.669 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 学历 中专 165(13.3) 382(30.7) 12(1.0) 246(19.8) 1 057(85.0) 363(29.2) 大专及以上 35(10.3) 55(16.2) 7(2.1) 35(10.3) 271(79.7) 84(24.7) χ2值 2.148 28.303 2.196 16.491 5.613 2.665 P值 0.143 < 0.001 0.138 < 0.001 0.018 0.103
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表 4 环境与健康素养影响因素的Logistic回归分析模型
Table 4. Logistic regression analysis model of factors influencing environment and health literacy
影响因素 回归系数 标准误 Wald值 自由度 OR(95% CI)值 P值 性别 -0.238 0.334 0.509 1 0.788(0.409~1.516) 0.475 民族 -2.289 0.516 19.680 1 0.101(0.037~0.279) < 0.001 学历 -0.639 0.589 1.177 1 0.528(0.166~1.674) 0.278 年级 0.554 0.275 4.066 1 1.739(1.016~2.979) 0.044 年龄 0.309 0.089 12.156 1 1.361(1.145~1.619) < 0.001 常量 -6.067 1.584 14.674 1 0.002 < 0.001
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