Health literacy level and influencing factors of five occupational groups in Gansu Province in 2017
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摘要:
目的 了解2017年甘肃省五类职业人群健康素养水平分布状况，并探索其影响因素，为职业人群制定健康教育干预策略和措施提供依据。 方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样法，抽取全省87个县（市、区）15~69岁常住居民23 490人进行调查，其中五类职业人群2 154人。采用问卷调查法调查居民健康素养水平。问卷内容包括人口学资料与健康素养相关问题等两大类，用SPSS 20.0统计软件进行χ2检验，并采用Logistic回归分析模型分析其影响因素。 结果 2017年甘肃省五类职业人群健康素养总体水平为25.81%。3个维度素养水平从高到低分别为：基本知识和理念（42.90%）、基本健康技能（28.60%）、健康生活方式与行为（23.72%）；6类健康问题素养水平从高到低依次排为：安全与急救（59.89%）、科学健康观（57.75%）、健康信息（39.55%）、慢性病防治（29.81%）、基本医疗（26.00%）和传染病防治（25.58%）。Logistic回归分析模型分析结果显示，民族、年龄、文化程度和职业是健康素养水平的影响因素（均有P < 0.05）。 结论 2017年甘肃省五类职业人群健康素养水平仍较低，应加强职业人群健康教育和监测研究，并制定有效的对策和措施，提高健康素养水平。 Abstract:Objective To understand the distribution of health literacy level of five occupational groups in gansu province in 2017, and explore its influencing factors, so as to provide a basis for formulating health education intervention strategies and measures for occupational groups. Methods By using multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method, 23 490 permanent residents aged 15-69 years in 87 counties (cities and districts) of the province were selected for investigation, including 2 154 subjects of five occupational groups. Health literacy level of residents was investigated by questionnaire. The questionnaire includes demographic data and health literacy related issues. SPSS 20.0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis, and χ2 test and Logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors. Results In 2017, the overall level of health literacy of five types of occupational groups in Gansu Province was 25.81%. The three dimensions of health literacy level from high to low were:basic knowledge and ideas (42.90%), basic health skills (28.60%), healthy lifestyles and behaviors (23.72%); The literacy levels of 6 types of health problems ranked from high to low:safety and first aid (59.89%), scientific health concept (57.75%), health information (39.55%), chronic disease prevention (29.81%), basic medical treatment (26.00%), infectious disease prevention and control (25.58%). The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that nationality, age, education and occupation were influencing factors of health literacy level (all P < 0.05). Conclusion In 2017, the health literacy level of five types of occupational groups in Gansu Province is still low, so it is necessary to strengthen the health education and monitoring research of occupational groups, and formulate effective countermeasures and measures to improve the health literacy level. -
Key words:
- Health literacy /
- Occupational populations /
- Gansu Province /
- Influencing factor
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图 1 4种指标诊断健康素养水平的ROC曲线
Figure 1. ROC curve of four indicators in diagnosing health literacy level
表 1 Logistic回归分析模型变量及赋值
Table 1. Logistic regression variables and assignments
变量 赋值 健康素养 不具备=0，具备=1 城乡 城市=1，农村=2 性别 男=1，女=2 民族 汉族=1，少数民族=2 年龄(岁) 15~=1，25~=2，35~=3，45~=4，55~=5，65~69=6 文化程度 初中及以下=1，高中/职高/中专=2，大专及以上=3 职业 公务员=1，教师=2，医务人员=3，其他事业单位职工=4，企业职工=5 
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表 2 调查职业人群的基本情况[n(%)]
Table 2. Survey of the basic situation of the professional population [n(%)]
分组 公务员(n=318) 教师(n=381) 医务人员(n=221) 其他事业单位职工(n=560) 企业职工(n=674) 合计(n=2 154) 地区 城市 133(41.82) 135(35.43) 86(38.91) 272(48.57) 428(63.50) 1 054(48.93) 农村 185(58.18) 246(64.57) 135(61.09) 288(51.43) 246(36.50) 1 100(51.07) 性别 男 203(63.84) 192(50.39) 96(43.44) 336(60.00) 382(56.68) 1 209(56.13) 女 115(36.16) 189(49.61) 125(56.56) 224(40.00) 292(43.32) 945(43.87) 民族 汉族 268(84.28) 341(89.50) 201(90.95) 465(83.04) 625(92.73) 1 900(88.21) 少数民族 50(15.72) 40(10.50) 20(9.05) 95(16.96) 49(7.27) 254(11.79) 年龄(岁) 15~ 7(2.20) 10(2.62) 19(8.60) 30(5.36) 61(9.05) 127(5.90) 25~ 56(17.61) 95(24.93) 57(25.79) 177(31.61) 206(30.56) 591(27.44) 35~ 105(33.02) 133(34.91) 53(23.98) 151(26.96) 141(20.92) 583(27.07) 45~ 97(30.50) 91(23.88) 54(24.43) 126(22.50) 159(23.59) 527(24.47) 55~ 34(10.69) 40(10.50) 28(12.67) 62(11.07) 80(11.87) 244(11.33) 65~69 19(5.97) 12(3.15) 10(4.52) 14(2.50) 27(4.01) 82(3.81) 文化程度 初中及以下 15(4.72) 11(2.89) 38(17.19) 46(8.21) 166(24.63) 276(12.81) 高中/职高/中专 30(9.43) 46(12.07) 68(30.77) 142(25.36) 197(29.23) 483(22.42) 大专及以上 273(85.85) 324(85.04) 115(52.04) 372(66.43) 311(46.14) 1 395(64.76)
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表 3 甘肃省五类职业人群健康素养水平[n(%)]
Table 3. Health literacy levels of five occupational populations in Gansu Province[n(%)]
分组 公务员(n=318) 教师(n=381) 医务人员(n=221) 其他事业单位职工(n=560) 企业职工(n=674) 合计(n=2 154) χ2值 P值 健康素养 98(30.82)a 93(24.41)a, b 95(42.99)c 125(22.32)a, b 145(21.51)b 556(25.81) 48.66 < 0.001 三个方面健康素养 基本知识理念 163(51.26) 165(43.31) 128(57.92) 216(38.57) 252(37.39) 924(42.90) 42.085 < 0.001 健康生活方式与行为 85(26.73) 81(21.26) 87(39.37) 105(18.75) 153(22.70) 511(23.72) 40.797 < 0.001 基本技能 102(32.08) 106(27.82) 80(36.20) 144(25.71) 184(27.30) 616(28.60) 11.086 0.026 六类健康问题素养 科学健康观 189(59.43) 213(55.91) 154(69.68) 319(56.96) 369(54.75) 1 244(57.75) 16.431 0.002 传染病防治 76(23.90) 90(23.62) 63(28.51) 133(23.75) 189(28.04) 551(25.58) 5.364 0.252 慢性病防治 107(33.65) 108(28.35) 97(43.89) 149(26.61) 181(26.85) 642(29.81) 29.134 < 0.001 安全与急救 194(61.01) 222(58.27) 140(63.35) 323(57.68) 411(60.98) 1 290(59.89) 3.156 0.532 基本医疗 98(30.82) 87(22.83) 90(40.72) 130(23.21) 155(23.00) 560(26.00) 36.142 < 0.001 健康信息 149(46.86) 149(39.11) 105(47.51) 210(37.50) 239(35.46) 852(39.55) 18.688 0.001 注:a, b, c表示两两比较的结果。
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表 4 不同特征甘肃省五类职业人群健康素养水平(%)
Table 4. Health literacy levels of five occupational groups in Gansu Province with different characteristics (%)
分组 公务员 教师 医务人员 其他事业单位职工 企业职工 合计 地区 城市 30.83 28.89 43.02 20.96 24.53 26.47 农村 30.81 21.95 42.96 23.61 16.26 25.18 χ2 0 2.274 0 0.569 6.331 0.467 P值 0.998 0.132 0.993 0.451 0.012 0.494 性别 男 32.51 17.19 42.71 22.92 22.25 24.98 女 27.83 31.75 43.2 21.43 20.55 26.88 χ2 0.756 10.941 0.005 0.172 0.284 0.999 P值 0.385 0.001 0.942 0.679 0.594 0.318 民族 汉族 33.96 26.1 43.78 23.23 22.72 27.26 少数民族 14 10 35 17.89 6.12 14.96 χ2 7.87 5.029 0.572 1.293 7.413 17.708 P值 0.005 0.025 0.449 0.255 0.006 < 0.001 年龄(岁) 15~ 28.57 40 26.32 13.33 16.39 19.69 25~ 30.36 25.26 43.86 22.03 29.13 27.92 35~ 37.14 27.07 58.49 29.8 22.7 31.39 45~ 29.9 23.08 42.59 19.05 18.87 24.1 55~ 23.53 15 21.43 19.35 16.25 18.44 65~69 15.79 16.67 50 7.14 0 13.41 χ2 4.891 4.261 12.884 9.232 17.507 27.639 P值 0.429 0.512 0.024 0.1 0.004 < 0.001 文化程度 初中及以下 6.67 9.09 18.42 13.04 9.04 10.87 高中/职高/中专 16.67 19.57 30.88 22.54 18.27 21.33 大专及以上 33.7 25.62 58.26 23.39 30.23 30.32 χ2 7.985 2.24 24.369 2.531 30.508 52.079 P值 0.018 0.326 < 0.001 0.282 < 0.001 < 0.001
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表 5 甘肃省五类职业人群健康素养影响因素的Logistic回归分析模型分析
Table 5. Logistic regression analysis of factors affecting health literacy of five occupational populations in Gansu Province
变量 β值 Sx Wald χ2 OR(95% CI)值 P值 年龄(岁) 15~ 1.000 25~ 0.450 0.248 3.301 1.568(0.965~2.548) 0.069 35~ 0.100 0.249 6.855 1.917(1.178~3.120) 0.009 45~ 0.301 0.253 1.418 1.1(0.823~2.217) 0.234 55~ 0.096 0.287 0.112 1.101(0.627~1.934) 0.738 65~69 -0.243 0.408 0.354 0.784(0.353~1.745) 0.552 民族 汉族 1.000 少数民族 -0.807 0.189 18.21 0.6(0.308~0.646) < 0.001 文化程度 初中及以下 1.000 高中/职高/中专 0.772 0.229 11.355 2.164(1.381~3.390) 0.001 大专及以上 1.267 0.215 34.683 3.552 (2.330~5.416) < 0.001 职业 公务员 1.000 教师 -0.406 0.174 5.453 0.666(0.474~0.937) 0.020 医务人员 0.786 0.194 16.335 2.194(1.499~3.211) < 0.001 其他事业单位职工 -0.336 0.164 4.176 0.715(0.518~0.986) 0.041 企业职工 -0.228 0.166 1.902 0.796(0.575~1.101) 0.168 常数 -2.278 0.345 43.486 0.103 < 0.001
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