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台州市某社区≥45岁体检人群常见慢性健康问题及多病共存相关因素

梁欣悦 陈潇潇 王良友 王婷婷 汪剡灵 谢亚莉 林海江 何纳

梁欣悦, 陈潇潇, 王良友, 王婷婷, 汪剡灵, 谢亚莉, 林海江, 何纳. 台州市某社区≥45岁体检人群常见慢性健康问题及多病共存相关因素[J]. 中华疾病控制杂志, 2024, 28(2): 233-240. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2024.02.017
引用本文: 梁欣悦, 陈潇潇, 王良友, 王婷婷, 汪剡灵, 谢亚莉, 林海江, 何纳. 台州市某社区≥45岁体检人群常见慢性健康问题及多病共存相关因素[J]. 中华疾病控制杂志, 2024, 28(2): 233-240. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2024.02.017
LIANG Xinyue, CHEN Xiaoxiao, WANG Liangyou, WANG Tingting, WANG Shanling, XIE Yali, LIN Haijiang, HE Na. Study on the status and correlation factors of multiple chronic conditions among health examination participants aged ≥45 years in a community in Taizhou City[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF DISEASE CONTROL & PREVENTION, 2024, 28(2): 233-240. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2024.02.017
Citation: LIANG Xinyue, CHEN Xiaoxiao, WANG Liangyou, WANG Tingting, WANG Shanling, XIE Yali, LIN Haijiang, HE Na. Study on the status and correlation factors of multiple chronic conditions among health examination participants aged ≥45 years in a community in Taizhou City[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF DISEASE CONTROL & PREVENTION, 2024, 28(2): 233-240. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2024.02.017

台州市某社区≥45岁体检人群常见慢性健康问题及多病共存相关因素

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2024.02.017
基金项目: 

台州市高层次人才特殊支持计划 TZ2022-2

详细信息
    通讯作者:

    何纳,E-mail: nhe@fudan.edu.cn

    林海江,E-mail: fudanlhj@qq.com

  • 中图分类号: R195.4

Study on the status and correlation factors of multiple chronic conditions among health examination participants aged ≥45 years in a community in Taizhou City

Funds: 

Special Support Program for High Level Talents in Taizhou TZ2022-2

More Information
  • 摘要:   目的  了解台州市≥45岁体检人群常见慢性健康问题及多病共存现状及相关因素。  方法  采用横断面研究,收集2021年1月至12月在台州市椒江区某街道卫生服务中心参加体检的≥45岁人群资料,采用χ2检验、t检验、方差分析了解其常见慢性健康问题及危险因素分布现状,利用有序logistic回归分析模型分析多病共存相关因素。  结果  共纳入13 020名研究对象,慢性健康问题总体检出率为93.07%,包括高血压(58.22%)、脂肪肝(41.31%)、肾功能异常(34.55%)、心电图异常(31.80%)、血脂异常(23.47%)、肝功能异常(20.60%)、糖尿病(13.45%)、贫血(10.43%), 研究对象5种健康危险因素为缺乏锻炼(77.26%)、饮食不均衡(71.27%)、中心性肥胖(55.98%)、吸烟(32.84%)和饮酒(32.28%)。71.87%的研究对象存在多病共存。高血压、脂肪肝、肾功能异常及血脂异常是多病共存主要组分。有序logistic回归分析模型分析结果提示年龄每增长1岁(aOR=1.010, 95% CI: 1.006~1.014, P<0.001)、女性(aOR=1.396, 95% CI: 1.291~1.510, P<0.001)、健康危险因素聚集2种(aOR=1.169, 95% CI: 1.054~1.295, P=0.003)、健康危险因素聚集3种(aOR=1.561, 95% CI: 1.409~1.730, P<0.001)及健康危险因素聚集4种及以上(aOR=1.887, 95% CI: 1.668~2.134, P<0.001),均有可能导致多病共存风险增加。  结论  台州市≥45岁体检人群健康危险因素聚集情况普遍,多病共存居于较高水平。高龄、女性及多种健康危险因素可能增加多病共存风险,需要完善相关政策。
  • 表  1  台州市≥45岁体检人群社会人口学特征

    Table  1.   Socio-demographic characteristics of the physical examination population aged ≥45 years in Taizhou City

    变量  Variables 合计(占比/%)
    Total (proportion/%) (n=13 020)
    男性人数(占比/%)
    Number of male (proportion/%) (n=5 741)
    女性人数(占比/%)
    Number of female (proportion/%) (n=7 279)
    χ2
    value
    P
    value
    年龄组/岁  Age group/years 121.444 <0.001
        45~ < 60 2 261(17.37) 809(14.09) 1 452(19.95)
        60~ < 75 8 057(61.88) 3 544(61.73) 4 513(62.00)
        >75 2 702(20.75) 1 388(24.18) 1 314(18.05)
    婚姻  Marriage 161.909 <0.001
        已婚  Married 11 647(89.45) 5 357(93.31) 6 290(86.41)
        非已婚   Unmarried 1 373(10.55) 384(6.69) 989(13.59)
    职业   Occupation 908.704 <0.001
        无业 Unemployed 3 353(25.75) 743(12.94) 2 610(35.86)
        生产业  Production industry 8 766(67.33) 4 458(77.65) 4 308(59.18)
        企事业  Enterprises and public institutions 901(6.92) 540(9.41) 361(4.96)
    注:①非已婚包括未婚、离异或丧偶。②无业包括待业、失业或退休,生产业包括农、林、牧、渔、水利、运输业,企事业包括国家机关、党群组织等事业单位及商业、服务业等企业办事人员。
    Note: ① "Unmarried" refers to individuals who are single, divorced, or widowed. ② "Unemployed" includes those who are jobless, unemployed, or retired. "Production industry" includes individuals engaged in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fisheries, water management, and transportation. "Enterprise and public institutions" includes government agencies, party organizations, public institutions, as well as personnel working in commerce and the service sector.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  台州市≥45岁体检人群主要健康危险因素分析

    Table  2.   Analysis of main health risk factors of the physical examination population aged ≥45 years in Taizhou City

    变量  Variables 健康危险因素聚集数
    Cumulative health risk factor count
    缺乏锻炼
    Lack of physical activity
    饮食不均衡
    Unbalanced diet
    中心性肥胖
    Central obesity
    吸烟
    Smoking
    饮酒
    Alcohol consumption
    总计  Total 2.7±1.1 10 059(77.26) 9 279(71.27) 7 289(55.98) 4 276(32.84) 4 203(32.28)
    性别  Gender
        男  Male 3.3±1.1 4 450(77.51) 3 988(69.47) 2 648(46.12) 4 260(74.20) 3 733(65.02)
        女  Female 2.2±0.8 5 609(77.06) 5 291(72.69) 4 641(63.76) 16(0.22) 470(6.46)
        t2值  value 65.851 0.379 16.285 405.035 7 965.072 5 036.047
        P值  value <0.001 0.538 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
    年龄组/岁  Age group/years
        45~ < 60 2.6±1.1 1 670(73.86) 1 578(69.79) 1 446(63.95) 582(25.74) 595(26.32)
        60~ < 75 2.7±1.1 6 309(78.30) 5 756(71.44) 4 458(55.33) 2 732(33.91) 2 693(33.42)
        ≥75 2.7±1.1 2 080(76.98) 1 945(71.98) 1 385(51.26) 962(35.60) 915(33.86)
        F2值  value 12.104 5.522 2.742 77.738 50.671 29.171
        P值 value <0.001 0.019 0.098 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
    婚姻  Marriage
        已婚  Married 2.7±1.1 9 003(77.30) 8 301(71.27) 6 464(55.50) 3 995(34.30) 3 892(33.42)
        非已婚  Unmarried 2.5±1.0 1 056(76.91) 978(71.23) 825(60.09) 281(20.47) 311(22.65)
        t2值  value 6.095 0.105 0.001 10.492 106.580 65.112
        P值 value <0.001 0.746 0.975 0.001 <0.001 <0.001
    职业   Occupation
        无业  Unemployed 2.5±1.0 2 598(77.48) 2 479(73.93) 2 050(61.14) 525(15.66) 644(19.21)
        生产业  Production industry 2.8±1.1 6 790(77.46) 6 198(70.70) 4 704(53.66) 3 339(38.09) 3 163(36.08)
        企事业  Enterprises and public institutions 2.9±1.2 671(74.47) 602(66.81) 535(59.38) 412(45.73) 396(43.95)
        F2值  value 102.518 4.275 21.720 59.558 626.224 376.274
        P值  value <0.001 0.118 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
    注:①以人数(占比/%)或x±s表示。②非已婚包括未婚、离异或丧偶。③无业包括待业、失业或退休,生产业包括农、林、牧、渔、水利、运输业,企事业包括国家机关、党群组织等事业单位及商业、服务业等企业办事人员。
    Note: ① Number of people(proportion/%) or x±s. ② "Unmarried" refers to individuals who are single, divorced, or widowed. ③ "Unemployed" includes those who are jobless, unemployed, or retired. "Production industry" includes individuals engaged in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fisheries, water management, and transportation. "Enterprise and public institutions" includes government agencies, party organizations, public institutions, as well as personnel working in commerce and the service sector.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  台州市≥45岁体检人群常见慢性健康问题检出率比较

    Table  3.   Comparison of detection rates of common chronic health conditions among the physical examination population aged ≥45 years in Taizhou City

    变量  Variables 高血压
    Hypertension
    脂肪肝
    Fatty liver
    肾功能异常
    Renal dysfunction
    心电图异常
    Abnormal electrocardiogram
    血脂异常
    Dyslipidemia
    总计  Total 7 580(58.22) 5 378(41.31) 4 498(34.55) 4 141(31.80) 3 056(23.47)
    性别  Gender
        男 Male 3 262(56.82) 2 007(34.96) 1 822(31.74) 2 069(36.04) 1 134(19.75)
        女  Female 4 318(59.32) 3 371(46.31) 2 676(36.76) 2 072(28.47) 1 922(26.40)
        χ2值  value 8.260 170.610 35.865 84.879 79.067
        P值  value 0.004 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
    年龄组/岁  Age group/years
        45~ < 60 1 351(59.75) 1 245(55.06) 611(27.02) 490(21.67) 677(29.94)
        60~ < 75 4 537(56.31) 3 343(41.49) 2 735(33.95) 2 473(30.69) 1 852(22.99)
        ≥75 1 692(62.62) 790(29.24) 1 152(42.64) 1 178(43.60) 527(19.50)
        χ2值  value 5.898 338.392 134.991 279.533 72.202
        P值  value 0.015 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
    婚姻  Marriage
        已婚 Married 6 717(57.67) 4 849(41.63) 3 945(33.87) 3 696(31.73) 2 769(23.77)
        非已婚   Unmarried 863(62.86) 529(38.53) 553(40.28) 445(32.41) 287(20.90)
        χ2值  value 13.567 4.882 22.286 0.260 5.637
        P值  value <0.001 0.027 <0.001 0.610 0.018
    职业   Occupation
        无业  Unemployed 1 950(58.16) 1 539(45.90) 1 175(35.04) 954(28.45) 859(25.62)
        生产业  Production industry 5 084(58.00) 3 434(39.17) 3 059(34.90) 2 912(33.22) 1 986(22.66)
        企事业  Enterprises and public institutions 546(60.60) 405(44.95) 264(29.30) 275(30.52) 211(23.42)
        χ2值value 2.282 50.547 11.805 26.147 11.857
    P值  value 0.320 <0.001 0.003 <0.001 0.003
    变量  Variables 肝功能异常
    Liver dysfunction
    糖尿病
    Diabetes
    贫血
    Anemia
    多病共存
    Multiple chronic conditions
    总计  Total 2 682(20.60) 1 751(13.45) 1 358(10.43) 9 358(71.87)
    性别  Gender
        男  Male 1 398(24.35) 702(12.23) 797(13.88) 4 052(70.58)
        女  Female 1 284(17.64) 1 049(14.41) 561(7.71) 5 306(72.89)
        χ2值  value 88.389 13.146 131.021 8.506
        P值  value <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.004
    年龄组/岁  Age group/years
        45~ < 60 541(23.93) 420(18.58) 132(5.84) 1 655(73.20)
        60~ < 75 1 632(20.26) 1 011(12.55) 645(8.01) 5 620(69.75)
        ≥75 509(18.84) 320(11.84) 581(21.50) 2 083(77.09)
        χ2值  value 18.645 44.061 351.316 12.325
        P值  value <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
    婚姻  Marriage
        已婚  Married 2 423(20.80) 1 546(13.27) 1 164(9.99) 8 329(71.51)
        非已婚   Unmarried 259(18.86) 205(14.93) 194(14.13) 1 029(74.95)
        χ2值  value 2.826 2.897 22.486 7.162
        P值  value 0.093 0.089 <0.001 0.007
    职业  Occupation
        无业  Unemployed 668(19.92) 470(14.02) 311(9.28) 2 442(72.83)
        生产业  Production industry 1 814(20.69) 1 141(13.02) 969(11.05) 6 269(71.51)
        企事业  Enterprises and public institutions 200(22.20) 140(15.54) 78(8.66) 647(71.81)
        χ2值  value 2.394 5.720 11.472 2.078
        P值  value 0.302 0.057 0.003 0.354
    注:①以人数(占比/%)或x±s表示。②非已婚包括未婚、离异或丧偶。③无业包括待业、失业或退休,生产业包括农、林、牧、渔、水利、运输业,企事业包括国家机关、党群组织等事业单位及商业、服务业等企业办事人员。
    Note: ① Number of people(proportion/%) or x±s. ② "Unmarried" refers to individuals who are single, divorced, or widowed. ③ "Unemployed" includes those who are jobless, unemployed, or retired. "Production industry" includes individuals engaged in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fisheries, water management, and transportation. “Enterprise and public institutions” includes government agencies, party organizations, public institutions, as well as personnel working in commerce and the service sector.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  台州市≥45岁体检人群多病共存情况的多因素分析

    Table  4.   Multivariate analysis of multiple chronic conditions in the physical examination population aged ≥45 years in Taizhou City

    变量  Variables 慢性健康问题数量(占比/%)  Number of chronic health conditions(proportion/%)
    ≤1(n=3 662) 2(n=3 783) 3(n=3 088) ≥4(n=2 487)
    年龄/岁  Age/years,(x±s) 67.0±8.2 67.7±8.6 68.2±8.8 67.9±9.1
    性别  Gender
        男  Male 1 689(29.42) 1 672(29.12) 1 330(23.17) 1 050(18.29)
        女 Female 1 973(27.11) 2 111(29.00) 1 758(24.15) 1 437(19.74)
    婚姻  Marriage
        已婚  Married 3 318(28.49) 3 389(29.10) 2 727(23.41) 2 213(19.00)
        非已婚  Unmarried 344(25.05) 394(28.70) 361(26.29) 274(19.96)
    职业  Occupation
        无业  Unemployed 911(27.17) 973(29.02) 813(24.25) 656(19.56)
        生产业 Production industry 2 497(28.49) 2 540(28.98) 2 082(23.75) 1 647(18.79)
        企事业  Enterprises and public institutions 254(28.19) 270(29.97) 193(21.42) 184(20.42)
    健康危险因素聚集数  Cumulative health risk factor count
        ≤1 564(33.65) 493(29.42) 370(22.08) 249(14.86)
        2 1 214(30.49) 1 167(29.31) 915(22.98) 686(17.23)
        3 1 156(25.60) 1 310(29.01) 1 095(24.25) 954(21.13)
        ≥4 728(25.57) 813(28.56) 708(24.87) 598(21.00)
    变量 Variables 单因素分析  Univariate analysis 多因素分析  Multivariate analysis
    cOR值value(95% CI) P值value aOR值value (95% CI) P值value
    年龄/岁  Age/years, (x±s) 1.009(1.005~1.012) <0.001 1.010(1.006~1.014) <0.001
    性别  Gender
        男  Male 1.000 1.000
        女  Female 1.110(1.043~1.181) 0.001 1.396(1.291~1.510) <0.001
    婚姻 Marriage
        已婚  Married 1.000 1.000
        非已婚  Unmarried 1.150(1.040~1.271) 0.006 1.062(0.957~1.188) 0.256
    职业  Occupation
        无业  Unemployed 1.000 1.000
        生产业  Production industry 0.945(0.880~1.015) 0.122 0.973(0.904~1.047) 0.465
        企事业  Enterprises and public institutions 0.961(0.842~1.096) 0.549 1.037(0.906~1.188) 0.595
    健康危险因素聚集数  Cumulative health risk factor count
        ≤1 1.000 1.000
        2 1.159(1.046~1.284) 0.005 1.169(1.054~1.295) 0.003
        3 1.461(1.321~1.617) <0.001 1.561(1.409~1.730) <0.001
        ≥4 1.472(1.320~1.641) <0.001 1.887(1.668~2.134) <0.001
    注:①慢性健康问题检出数量(0=慢性健康问题检出≤1种,1=慢性健康问题检出2种,2=慢性健康问题检出3种,3=慢性健康问题检出≥4种)是有序logisitic回归模型的结局变量。②将单个变量分别纳入回归模型进行分析,计算cOR值。③将所有变量纳入模型进行分析,得到调整混杂因素后的aOR值。
    Note: ① The number of detected chronic health conditions (0 = ≤1 chronic health condition detected, 1 = 2 chronic health conditions detected, 2 = 3 chronic health conditions detected, 3 = ≥4 chronic health conditions detected) serves as the outcome variable in an ordered logistic regression model; ② Individual variables were separately entered into the regression model for analysis, and crude odds ratios (cOR) were calculated; ③ All variables were included in the model for analysis, yielding adjusted odds ratios (aOR) after controlling for confounding factors.
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2023-05-09
  • 修回日期:  2023-08-23
  • 网络出版日期:  2024-03-30
  • 刊出日期:  2024-02-10

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