Study on the load level, composition distribution and correlation of organophosphorus flame retardants in pregnant women and newborns in Chongqing
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摘要:
目的 评价重庆市孕妇与新生儿体内有机磷阻燃剂负荷水平、组成分布及其相关性。 方法 基于重庆市孕前生殖健康与出生结局队列研究。纳入2020年11月―2021年11月在重庆市妇幼保健院分娩的健康孕妇-新生儿221对。采用液相色谱/质谱法测定血清中8种有机磷阻燃剂代谢产物(metabolites of organophosphate flame retardants，mOPFRs)的含量。Spearman秩相关分析孕妇外周静脉血与新生儿脐带血中8种mOPFRs的相关性。 结果 孕妇外周静脉血中总mOPFRs检出率为84.6%，各种mOPFRs单体检出率为12.7%~76.9%；新生儿脐带血中总mOPFRs检出率为93.2%，各mOPFRs单体检出率为1.8%~91.0%。孕妇外周静脉血中的磷酸二邻甲苯酯&磷酸二对甲苯酯、二(2-乙基己基)磷酸酯分别与新生儿脐带血中该单体呈正相关(r=0.29和0.22, 均P＜0.05)。 结论 重庆市孕妇外周静脉血及新生儿脐带血中可以检测出多种mOPFRs，并且孕妇与新生儿体内的mOPFRs水平存在相关关系。 Abstract:Objective To evaluate the organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) loads of pregnant women and newborns in Chongqing and its relationship, components and correlation. Methods Date were drawn from The Preconception Reproductive Health and Birth Outcome Cohort (PREBIC), and a total of 221 healthy pregnant women-newborns pairs who delivered in Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Hospital from November 2020-November 2021 were included in the final analysis. The levels of 8 mOPFRs in serum were detected by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. The Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to analyze the association of 8 mOPFRs exposure levels in peripheral venous blood of pregnant women and umbilical cord blood of newborns. Results The detection rate of total mOPFRs(∑mOPFRs) in peripheral venous blood of pregnant women was 84.6%, and the detection rate of each mOPFRs ranged from 12.7% to 76.9%; the detection rate of ∑mOPFRs in umbilical cord blood of newborns was 93.2%, and the detection rate of each mOPFRs ranged from 1.8% to 91.0%. di-o-tolyl phosphate(DoCP) & di-o-tolyl phosphate(DpCP) and bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(BEHP) in peripheral venous blood of pregnant women were correlated with the concentrations in umbilical cord blood of newborns (r=0.29 and 0.22, P < 0.05). Conclusions A variety of mOPFRs were detected in peripheral venous blood of pregnant women and umbilical cord blood of newborns in Chongqing, and there was a correlation between the levels of mOPFRs in pregnant women and newborns. -
Key words:
- Organophosphate flame retardants /
- Pregnant women /
- Newborns
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图 1 孕妇外周静脉血与新生儿脐带血mOPFRs暴露水平
mOPFRs：有机磷阻燃剂代谢产物；DBP：磷酸二丁酯；BCIPP：双(1-氯-2-丙基)磷酸酯；DPHP：磷酸二苯酯；DoCP：磷酸二邻甲苯酯；DpCP：磷酸二对甲苯酯；BBOEP：双(丁氧基乙基)磷酸酯；BDCPP：磷酸二(1, 3-二氯-2-丙基)酯；BEHP：二(2-乙基己基)磷酸酯; a：P＜0.05；b：P＜0.01。
Figure 1. Exposure levels of mOPFRs in peripheral venous blood of pregnant women and cord blood of newborns
mOPFRs: metabolites of organophosphate flame retardants; DBP: dibutyl phosphate; BCIPP, bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate; DPHP: diphenyl phosphate; DoCP: di-o-tolyl phosphate; DpCP: di-o-tolyl phosphate; BBOEP: bis(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate; BDCPP: bis(1, 3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate; BEHP: bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate; a: P < 0.05; b: P < 0.01.
图 2 孕妇外周静脉血与新生儿脐带血mOPFRs的组成分布
mOPFRs，有机磷阻燃剂代谢产物；DBP，磷酸二丁酯；BCIPP，双(1-氯-2-丙基)磷酸酯；DPHP，磷酸二苯酯；DoCP，磷酸二邻甲苯酯；DpCP，磷酸二对甲苯酯；BBOEP，双(丁氧基乙基)磷酸酯；BDCPP，磷酸二(1, 3-二氯-2-丙基)酯；BEHP，二(2-乙基己基)磷酸酯。
Figure 2. Composition and distribution of mOPFRs in peripheral venous blood of pregnant women and cord blood of newborn
mOPFRs, metabolites of organophosphate flame retardants; DBP, dibutyl phosphate; BCIPP, bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate; DPHP, diphenyl phosphate; DoCP, di-o-tolyl phosphate; DpCP, di-o-tolyl phosphate; BBOEP, bis(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate; BDCPP, bis(1, 3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate; BEHP, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate.
表 1 研究对象基本情况
Table 1. Basic information of the research participants
变量Variable 总体 ① Total ① (n=221) 年龄/岁Age/years 30.0±4.0 孕前BMI ② BMI before pregnancy ② 消瘦Asarcia(＜18.5 kg/m2) 30(13.6) 正常Normal(18.5~＜24.0 kg/m2) 143(64.7) 超重/肥胖Overweight/Obesity(≥24.0 kg/m2) 48(21.7) 分娩方式 ② Delivery mode ② 剖宫产Cesarean section 134(60.6) 阴道分娩Vaginal delivery 87(39.4) 饮酒Drinking 是Yes 35(15.8) 否No 186(84.2) 吸烟Smoking 是Yes 3(1.4) 否No 218(98.6) 注：①以人数(占比/%)或x±s表示；②有变量缺失。
Note: ①Number of people(proportion/%) or x±s; ② Some data missing.
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表 2 孕妇外周静脉血与新生儿脐带血mOPFRs暴露水平(ng/mL)
Table 2. Exposure levels of mOPFRs in peripheral venous blood of pregnant women and cord blood of newborns(ng/mL)
mOPFRs 孕妇Pregnant woman 新生儿Newborn Z值
valueP值
valuex M(P25, P75) 人数(检出率/%)
Number of people (detection rate/%)x M(P25, P75) 人数(检出率/%)
Number of people (detection rate/%)DBP 0.52 0.81(0.30, 3.46) 28(12.7) 0.04 0.47(0.28, 0.64) 15(6.8) -2.13 ＜0.05 BCIPP 0.71 3.84(3.07, 4.63) 39(17.7) 0.08 4.41(2.92, 5.48) 4(1.8) -5.56 ＜0.01 DPHP 0.14 0.41(0.30, 0.58) 52(23.5) 0.02 0.39(0.24, 0.92) 8(3.6) -6.06 ＜0.01 DoCP & DpCP 0.04 0.13(0.10, 0.17) 63(28.5) 0.02 0.09(0.04, 0.12) 25(11.3) -4.81 ＜0.01 BBOEP 0.29 0.33(0.20, 0.52) 170(76.9) 0.53 0.40(0.26, 0.70) 201(91.0) -5.52 ＜0.01 BDCPP ＜LOQ ＜LOQ(＜LOQ, ＜LOQ) 0(0.0) ＜LOQ ＜LOQ(＜LOQ, ＜LOQ) 0(0.0) ― ― BEHP 0.15 0.48(0.27, 0.97) 35(15.8) 0.45 0.51(0.30, 2.26) 34(15.4) -0.01 0.99 总mOPFRs ∑mOPFRs 1.85 0.43(0.21, 3.63) 187(84.6) 1.13 0.52(0.30, 0.93) 206(93.2) -1.52 0.13 注：mOPFRs，有机磷阻燃剂代谢产物；DBP，磷酸二丁酯；BCIPP，双(1-氯-2-丙基)磷酸酯；DPHP，磷酸二苯酯；DoCP，磷酸二邻甲苯酯；DpCP，磷酸二对甲苯酯；BBOEP，双(丁氧基乙基)磷酸酯；BDCPP，磷酸二(1, 3-二氯-2-丙基)酯；BEHP，二(2-乙基己基)磷酸酯; LOQ，定量限。
Note：mOPFRs, metabolites of organophosphate flame retardants; DBP, dibutyl phosphate; BCIPP, bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate; DPHP, diphenyl phosphate; DoCP, di-o-tolyl phosphate; DpCP, di-o-tolyl phosphate; BBOEP, bis(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate; BDCPP, bis(1, 3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate; BEHP, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate; LOQ，limit of quantitation.
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表 3 孕妇外周静脉血各mOPFRs单体间的关联分析
Table 3. Association analysis of mOPFRs in peripheral venous blood of pregnant women
mOPFRs DBP BCIPP DPHP DoCP & DpCP BBOEP BEHP 总mOPFRs
∑mOPFRsDBP 1.00 BCIPP 0.12 1.00 DPHP 0.17 ① 0.65 ① 1.00 DoCP & DpCP 0.06 0.76 ① 0.68 ① 1.00 BBOEP 0.03 0.53 ① 0.54 ① 0.64 ① 1.00 BEHP 0.28 ① 0.26 ① 0.27 ① 0.30 ① 0.17 ② 1.00 总mOPFRs ∑mOPFRs 0.46 ① 0.62 ① 0.64 ① 0.64 ① 0.74 ① 0.40 ① 1.00 注：mOPFRs，有机磷阻燃剂代谢产物；DBP，磷酸二丁酯；BCIPP，双(1-氯-2-丙基)磷酸酯；DPHP，磷酸二苯酯；DoCP，磷酸二邻甲苯酯；DpCP，磷酸二对甲苯酯；BBOEP，双(丁氧基乙基)磷酸酯；BDCPP，磷酸二(1, 3-二氯-2-丙基)酯；BEHP，二(2-乙基己基)磷酸酯。
① P＜0.01；② P＜0.05。
Note：mOPFRs, metabolites of organophosphate flame retardants; DBP, dibutyl phosphate; BCIPP, bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate; DPHP, diphenyl phosphate; DoCP, di-o-tolyl phosphate; DpCP, di-o-tolyl phosphate; BBOEP, bis(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate; BDCPP, bis(1, 3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate; BEHP, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate.
① P＜0.01；② P＜0.05.
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表 4 新生儿脐带血各mOPFRs单体间的关联分析
Table 4. Association analysis of mOPFRs in cord blood of newborn
mOPFRs DBP BCIPP DPHP DoCP & DpCP BBOEP BEHP 总mOPFRs
∑mOPFRsDBP 1.00 BCIPP 0.52 ① 1.00 DPHP 0.14 ② 0.34 ① 1.00 DoCP & DpCP 0.09 0.18 ① 0.09 1.00 BBOEP -0.07 -0.004 -0.03 0.06 1.00 BEHP -0.53 ① 0.35 ① 0.06 -0.02 -0.04 1.00 总mOPFRs ∑mOPFRs 0.37 ① 0.23 ① 0.18 ① 0.11 0.79 ① 0.46 ① 1.00 注：mOPFRs，有机磷阻燃剂代谢产物；DBP，磷酸二丁酯；BCIPP，双(1-氯-2-丙基)磷酸酯；DPHP，磷酸二苯酯；DoCP，磷酸二邻甲苯酯；DpCP，磷酸二对甲苯酯；BBOEP，双(丁氧基乙基)磷酸酯；BDCPP，磷酸二(1, 3-二氯-2-丙基)酯；BEHP，二(2-乙基己基)磷酸酯。
① P＜0.01；② P＜0.05。
Note：mOPFRs, metabolites of organophosphate flame retardants; DBP, dibutyl phosphate; BCIPP, bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate; DPHP, diphenyl phosphate; DoCP, di-o-tolyl phosphate; DpCP, di-o-tolyl phosphate; BBOEP, bis(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate; BDCPP, bis(1, 3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate; BEHP, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate.
① P＜0.01；② P＜0.05.
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表 5 孕妇外周静脉血与新生儿脐带血各mOPFRs单体间的关联分析
Table 5. Association analysis of mOPFRs between peripheral venous blood of pregnant women and cord blood of newborn
孕妇mOPFRs
Pregnant women mOPFRs新生儿mOPFRs Newborns mOPFRs DBP BCIPP DPHP DoCP & DpCP BBOEP BEHP 总mOPFRs
∑mOPFRsDBP -0.56 -0.05 0.06 -0.06 -0.10 0.03 -0.05 BCIPP 0.18 ① 0.11 0.07 0.27 ① -0.21 ① 0.02 -0.12 DPHP 0.01 -0.07 0.01 0.13 -0.12 -0.07 -0.11 DoCP & DpCP 0.10 0.09 0.04 0.29 ① -0.15 ② 0.03 -0.06 BBOEP 0.09 0.04 0.11 0.14 ② -0.08 0.09 ＜0.01 BEHP 0.08 0.12 0.12 0.14 ② -0.12 0.22 ② 0.03 总mOPFRs ∑mOPFRs 0.06 0.02 0.05 0.15 ② -0.14 ② 0.10 -0.05 注：mOPFRs，有机磷阻燃剂代谢产物；DBP，磷酸二丁酯；BCIPP，双(1-氯-2-丙基)磷酸酯；DPHP，磷酸二苯酯；DoCP，磷酸二邻甲苯酯；DpCP，磷酸二对甲苯酯；BBOEP，双(丁氧基乙基)磷酸酯；BDCPP，磷酸二(1, 3-二氯-2-丙基)酯；BEHP，二(2-乙基己基)磷酸酯。
① P＜0.01；② P＜0.05。
Note：mOPFRs, metabolites of organophosphate flame retardants; DBP, dibutyl phosphate; BCIPP, bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate; DPHP, diphenyl phosphate; DoCP, di-o-tolyl phosphate; DpCP, di-o-tolyl phosphate; BBOEP, bis(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate; BDCPP, bis(1, 3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate; BEHP, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate.
① P＜0.01；② P＜0.05.
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