Associations of sedentary behaviour and physical activity with mental health problems and testosterone levels among male college students in Chongqing, China
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摘要:
目的 探讨重庆市男性大学生久坐和体育运动与心理健康问题和睾酮等激素水平的关联。 方法 研究对象为582名来自重庆市男性大学生生殖健康队列(2015年)的大学生。问卷收集人口统计学、久坐、体育运动和心理健康数据，体育运动根据《体育运动等级量表》得分进行四分位数分类，分为Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4组。使用化学发光酶免疫法测定血清睾酮和皮质醇水平，使用logistic回归和线性回归模型分析久坐和体育运动与心理健康问题、睾酮和皮质醇水平的关联。 结果 582名男性大学生抑郁、焦虑和压力症状的发生率分别为6.70%、12.71%和6.70%。与久坐 < 6 h组比较，久坐>10 h组抑郁症状的发生风险增加5.66倍(OR=6.66，95% CI: 2.16~20.49, P=0.001)，睾酮水平减少13.22%(95% CI: -19.56%~-6.37%, P＜0.001)；与体育运动Q1组比较，体育运动Q4组抑郁症状的发生率减少至66.00%(95% CI: 0.13~0.87, P=0.025)，睾酮水平增加8.02%(95% CI: 1.37%~15.10%, P=0.017)。进一步分析发现，在高体育运动水平大学生中，久坐与抑郁、焦虑、压力症状及睾酮、皮质醇水平和睾酮/皮质醇比值的差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05)。 结论 久坐是大学生抑郁症状和睾酮水平降低的危险因素，体育运动是抑郁症状发生的保护因素，并与睾酮水平的升高有关，且体育运动可能缓解久坐的不良影响。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the associations of sedentary behaviour and physical activity (PA) with mental health problems and testosterone levels in male college students from Chongqing, China. Methods A total of 582 college students from the Male Reproductive Health in Chongqing College Students (MARHCS) cohort study in 2015 were included. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing demographics, sedentary behaviour, PA and mental health information. Physical activity was classified into quartiles based on scores on the physical activity rating scale-3, resulting in the following groups: Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4. Serum testosterone and cortisol levels were measured by chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay. Logistic and linear regressions model were used to analyze associations of sedentary behaviour and PA with mental health problems and serum testosterone and cortisol levels. Results The rates of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms were 6.70%, 12.71%, and 6.70% among 582 male college students, respectively. Compare to sedentary behavior < 6 participants, participants in the sedentary behaviour > 10 hours group had higher risk of depression symptoms (OR=6.66, 95% CI: 2.16-20.49, P=0.001) and lower testosterone levels (-13.22%, 95% CI: -19.56%--6.37%, P < 0.001). Participants in the PA Q4 group had lower risk of depression symptoms (OR=0.34, 95% CI: 0.13-0.87, P=0.025) and higher testosterone levels (8.02%, 95% CI: 1.37%-15.10%, P=0.017) than participants in the PA Q1 group. Further analyses found that there were no associations of sedentary behaviour with depression, anxiety and stress symptoms, testosterone and cortisol levels and testosterone/cortisol ratio among college students with high PA level (all P > 0.05). Conclusions Sedentary behavior is a risk factor of depression symptoms and decreased testosterone level in college students. PA is a protective factor of depression symptoms and associated with increased testosterone levels. PA may protect the adverse effects induced by sedentary behaviour. -
Key words:
- Sedentary behaviour /
- Physical activity /
- Mental health /
- Testosterone
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表 1 研究对象的人口学和心理特征状态
Table 1. Demographic and psychological characteristics of the study population
变量Variable 基本特征 ①
Essential feature ①变量Variable 基本特征 ①
Essential feature ①年龄/岁Age/years 22.00(22.00, 23.00) 久坐/h Sedentary behaviour/h 身高/cm Height/cm 173.00(169.00, 176.00) ＜6 186(31.96) 体重/kg Weight/kg 65.10(59.55, 72.20) 6~10 332(57.04) BMI/(kg·m-2) 21.76(20.21, 23.73) ＞10 64(11.00) 吸烟Smoking 131(22.51) PARS-3得分/分PARS-3 score/score 24.00(8.00, 48.00) 饮酒Drinking 435(74.74) 焦虑症状Anxiety symptoms 74(12.71) 睾酮/(ng·mL-1) Testosterone/(ng·mL-1) 3.64(2.99, 4.36) 抑郁症状Depression symptoms 39(6.70) 皮质醇/(μmol·L-1) Cortisol/(μmol·L-1) 204.74(179.31, 239.32) 压力症状Stress symptoms 39(6.70) 注：PARS-3, 体育运动等级量表。
①以M(P25, P75)或人数(占比/%)表示。
Note：PARS-3, physical activity rating scale-3
①M(P25, P75) or number of people(proportion/%).
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表 2 久坐和体育运动与大学生抑郁、焦虑和压力症状的关联
Table 2. Associations of sedentary behaviour and physical activity with depression, anxiety and stress symptoms in college students
变量Variable 抑郁 ① Depression ① 焦虑 ① Anxiety ① 压力 ① Stress ① OR值value (95% CI) P值
valueOR值value (95% CI) P值
valueOR值value (95% CI) P值
value久坐/h Sedentary behaviour/h ＜6 1.00 1.00 1.00 6~10 2.61(0.99~7.07) 0.059 1.69(0.92~3.08) 0.090 0.82(0.38~1.76) 0.608 ＞10 6.66(2.16~20.49) 0.001 2.05(0.88~4.74) 0.094 2.31(0.90~5.92) 0.082 体育运动 ② Physical activity ② Q1 1.00 1.00 1.00 Q2 0.37(0.14~1.00) 0.050 0.98(0.49~1.95) 0.949 0.74(0.26~2.06) 0.560 Q3 0.68(0.30~1.56) 0.368 0.90(0.45~1.79) 0.758 1.04(0.41~2.62) 0.933 Q4 0.34(0.13~0.87) 0.025 0.62(0.31~1.26) 0.187 1.02(0.42~2.53) 0.959 注：①采用logistic回归分析，校正的混杂因素包括：年龄、BMI、吸烟、饮酒；②体育运动根据体育活动等级量表的得分进行四分位数分类。
Note: ① Logistic regression analyses were used which were adjusted for age, BMI, smoking, and drinking; ②Physical activity was classified by quartiles according to the score of the physical activity rating scale-3.
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表 3 久坐和体育运动与大学生睾酮、皮质醇水平和睾酮/皮质醇比值的关联
Table 3. Associations of sedentary behaviour and physical activity with testosterone and cortisol levels, and testosterone/cortisol ratio in college students
变量Variable 睾酮 ① Testosterone ① 皮质醇 ① Cortisol ① 睾酮/皮质醇比值 ① Testosterone/Cortisol ratio ① change% (95% CI) ③ P值
valuechange% (95% CI) ③ P值
valuechange% (95% CI) ③ P值
value久坐/h Sedentary behaviour/h ＜6 1.00 1.00 1.00 6~10 -4.79(-9.58~0.25) 0.062 0.77(-3.21~4.92) 0.708 -5.51(-10.86~1.12) 0.106 ＞10 -13.22(-19.56~-6.37) ＜0.001 -2.19(-8.38~4.42) 0.505 -11.47(-19.53~-2.60) 0.013 体育运动 ② Physical activity ② Q1 1.00 1.00 1.00 Q2 0.74(-6.30~8.31) 0.841 -3.18(-8.45~2.40) 0.257 4.46(-4.48~14.24) 0.338 Q3 4.74(-2.17~12.14) 0.182 -2.08(-7.24~3.36) 0.444 6.84(-1.89~16.35) 0.128 Q4 8.02(1.37~15.10) 0.017 -3.37(-8.04~1.55) 0.175 11.71(3.24~20.88) 0.006 注：①采用线性回归分析，校正的混杂因素包括：年龄、BMI、吸烟、饮酒；②体育运动根据体育运动等级量表的得分进行四分位数分类。③对所有因变量进行log10对数转换，呈现的change%(95% CI)数值已进行反函数逆转换。
Note: ①Linear regression analyses were used which were adjusted for age, BMI, smoking, and drinking; ②Physical activity was classified by quartile according to the scores of the physical activity rating scale-3; ③Log10 logarithmic transformations were performed on all dependent variables and results were presented as back-transformed change%(95% CI).
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表 4 高体育运动水平大学生久坐与抑郁、焦虑和压力症状及睾酮、皮质醇水平和睾酮/皮质醇比值的关联
Table 4. Associations of sedentary behaviour with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms, testosterone and cortisol levels, and testosterone/cortisol ratio in college students with high physical activity levels
久坐/h Sedentary behaviour/h 抑郁 ① Depression ① 焦虑 ① Anxiety ① 压力 ① Stress ① OR值value (95% CI) P值
valueOR值value (95% CI) P值
valueOR值value (95% CI) P值
value＜6 1.00 1.00 1.00 6~10 1.74(0.56~5.39) 0.339 1.35(0.62~2.95) 0.456 0.84(0.33~2.14) 0.709 ＞10 2.57(0.55~12.02) 0.231 2.02(0.64~6.38) 0.232 1.30(0.32~5.34) 0.714 久坐/h Sedentary behaviour/h 睾酮 ② Testosterone ② 皮质醇 ② Cortisol ② 睾酮/皮质醇比值 ② Testosterone/Cortisol ratio ② change% (95% CI) ③ P值
valuechange% (95% CI) ③ P值
valuechange% (95% CI) ③ P值
value＜6 1.00 1.00 1.00 6~10 -2.97(-8.84~3.28) 0.342 4.08(-4.24~6.04) 0.767 -3.31(-10.38~4.31) 0.383 ＞10 -9.71(-19.12~0.79) 0.068 -3.59(-9.43~8.45) 0.844 -9.35(-20.86~3.83) 0.155 注：①采用logistic回归分析，校正的混杂因素包括：年龄、BMI、吸烟、饮酒。②采用线性回归分析，校正的混杂因素包括：年龄、BMI、吸烟、饮酒；③对所有因变量进行log10对数转换，呈现的change%(95% CI)数值已进行反函数逆转换。
Note: ① Logistic regression analyses were used which were adjusted for age, BMI, smoking, and drinking; ②Linear regression analyses were used which were adjusted for age, BMI, smoking, and drinking; ③Log10 logarithmic transformations were performed on all dependent variables and results were presented as back-transformed change%(95% CI).
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