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抑郁状态下老年人社会活动参与和自我忽视的相关性研究

刘梦卿,  陈月,  袁梦园,  马少缔,  秦其荣,  屈光波,  孙业桓,  李杰

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文章导航 > 中华疾病控制杂志  > 2024 >  28(5): 607-612
刘梦卿, 陈月, 袁梦园, 马少缔, 秦其荣, 屈光波, 孙业桓, 李杰. 抑郁状态下老年人社会活动参与和自我忽视的相关性研究[J]. 中华疾病控制杂志, 2024, 28(5): 607-612. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2024.05.018
引用本文: 刘梦卿, 陈月, 袁梦园, 马少缔, 秦其荣, 屈光波, 孙业桓, 李杰. 抑郁状态下老年人社会活动参与和自我忽视的相关性研究[J]. 中华疾病控制杂志, 2024, 28(5): 607-612. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2024.05.018
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LIU Mengqing, CHEN Yue, YUAN Mengyuan, MA Shaodi, QIN Qirong, QU Guangbo, SUN Yehuan, LI Jie. Correlation between social activity participation and self-neglect in the elderly with depression[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF DISEASE CONTROL & PREVENTION, 2024, 28(5): 607-612. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2024.05.018
Citation: LIU Mengqing, CHEN Yue, YUAN Mengyuan, MA Shaodi, QIN Qirong, QU Guangbo, SUN Yehuan, LI Jie. Correlation between social activity participation and self-neglect in the elderly with depression[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF DISEASE CONTROL & PREVENTION, 2024, 28(5): 607-612. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2024.05.018
shu

抑郁状态下老年人社会活动参与和自我忽视的相关性研究

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2024.05.018
  • 1.

    安徽医科大学巢湖临床医学院临床医学系，合肥 230032

  • 2.

    安徽医科大学第一临床医学院临床医学系，合肥 230032

  • 3.

    安徽医科大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系，合肥 230032

  • 4.

    安徽医科大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系，合肥 230032

  • 5.

    马鞍山疾病预防控制中心社区服务与慢性病防治科，马鞍山 243011

  • 6.

    安徽医科大学公共卫生学院预防医学教学中心，合肥 230032

基金项目: 

国家级大学生创新创业训练计划 2022103666031

安徽省教育厅自然科学研究项目 KJ2021A0231

详细信息
    通讯作者:

    李杰，E-mail: lejane1118@126.com

  • 中图分类号: R161.7

Correlation between social activity participation and self-neglect in the elderly with depression

  • 1.

    Department of Clinical Medicine, School of the Chaohu Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China

  • 2.

    Department of Clinical Medicine, First Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China

  • 3.

    Department of Child Health and Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China

  • 4.

    Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China

  • 5.

    Department of Community Service and Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Ma′anshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ma′anshan 243011, China

  • 6.

    Preventive Medicine Teaching Center, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China

Funds: 

National College Students′ Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program 2022103666031

Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Education Department KJ2021A0231

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    摘要
  • 摘要:   目的  探讨抑郁状态下老年人社会活动参与和自我忽视的相关性。  方法  采用分层整群抽样方法，使用马鞍山健康老龄化队列研究数据，以基线处于抑郁状态的648名老年人为研究对象，通过多因素logistic回归分析模型分析社会活动参与和自我忽视的相关性。  结果  抑郁状态下老年人自我忽视总体得分为(7.42±5.10)分。调整混杂因素后，参与体育锻炼是老年总体自我忽视(OR=0.521, 95% CI: 0.359~0.758, P＜0.01)及卫生自我忽视(OR=0.523, 95% CI: 0.332~0.822, P＜0.01)、情感自我忽视(OR=0.537, 95% CI: 0.364~0.793, P＜0.01)、社会交往自我忽视(OR=0.486, 95% CI: 0.334~0.709, P＜0.001)的保护因素；参与友谊与关爱互动是老年总体自我忽视(OR=0.622, 95% CI: 0.423~0.916, P＜0.05)及卫生自我忽视(OR=0.438, 95% CI: 0.268~0.717, P＜0.01)、安全自我忽视(OR=0.236, 95% CI: 0.138~0.403, P＜0.001)、社会交往自我忽视(OR=0.510, 95% CI: 0.345~0.755, P＜0.01)的保护因素。  结论  社会活动参与对马鞍山市抑郁状态下老年人自我忽视有一定保护，但是不同的社会活动参与内容影响不同。
    Abstract:   Objective  To explore the association between social activity participation and self-neglect in the elderly with depression.  Methods  Using stratified cluster sampling method and data from the Healthy Aging Cohort Study in Ma′anshan, 648 elderly people with depression at baseline were selected as subjects. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between social activity participation and self-neglect.  Results  The overall score of self-neglect in depressed elderly was (7.42±5.10). After adjusting for confounding factors, participation in physical activity was a protective factor for overall self-neglect (OR=0.521, 95% CI: 0.359~0.758, P < 0.01) and in 3 dimensions of personal hygiene self-neglect (OR=0.523, 95% CI: 0.332~0.822, P < 0.01), emotional self-neglect (OR=0.537, 95% CI: 0.364~0.793, P < 0.01), and social communication self-neglect (OR=0.486, 95% CI: 0.334~0.709, P < 0.001) in older adults. Participation in friendship and care interaction was a protective factor for the overall self-neglect of the elderly (OR=0.622, 95% CI: 0.423~0.916, P < 0.05), which was also related to personal hygiene self-neglect (OR=0.438, 95% CI: 0.268~0.717, P < 0.01), safety self-neglect (OR=0.236, 95% CI: 0.138~0.403, P < 0.001) and social communication self-neglect (OR=0.510, 95% CI: 0.345~0.755, P < 0.01).  Conclusions  Social activity participation has certain protective effects against self-neglect of the depressed elderly in Ma′anshan City. However, different social activity participation contents may have different influences.
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  • 老年自我忽视主要指老年人未能或拒绝进行自我照顾和保护，从而导致个人身心健康、安全及公共安全受到威胁的行为[1]。老年人的自我忽视与个人的不良健康结果相关[2]。研究表明抑郁状态下老年人自我忽视程度更高，其自我忽视状况更值得关注[3]。社会活动参与作为积极老龄化的重要内容，是实现积极老龄化的关键[4]。但是目前关注两者相关性的研究较少，本研究于2016年12月―2017年3月对马鞍山市处于抑郁状态下的老年人进行社会活动参与和自我忽视相关性调查，为制定特殊状态老年人自我忽视干预措施提供理论支持。

    1.   资料与方法

    1.1   对象与方法

    采用马鞍山市健康老龄化队列研究基线数据[5]。纳入标准：(1)年龄≥60岁；(2)有抑郁状态。诊断标准：《老年抑郁量表》(15-item geriatric depression scale，GDS-15)得分≥8分[6]。本研究已通过安徽医科大学伦理委员会审核(伦理审批号：81220341)。

    1.2   研究方法

    1.2.1   抽样方法

    采用分层整群随机抽样方法以安徽省马鞍山市老年人为研究对象, 按照农村、城市分层，在马鞍山市当涂县等农村地区随机抽取27个村，同时在市区随机抽取8个小区进行调查，共计6 881人。

    1.2.2   一般情况调查

    一般情况调查内容主要包括居住地、性别、年龄、宗教信仰等。

    1.2.3   社会活动参与

    社会活动参与主要包括参与体育锻炼情况、继续参与工作、参与照顾子孙、参与友谊与关爱互动等。

    1.2.4   自我忽视

    采用自编《老年自我忽视量表》，内容包括医疗自我忽视、卫生自我忽视等5个维度，总分范围为0~42分[7]。总分及各维度得分以P75为界值点，≥P75为高自我忽视，＜P75为低自我忽视。该量表总分Cronbach系数为0.78，2周重测信度为0.78。

    1.2.5   抑郁

    采用GDS-15评估老年人的抑郁状态[6]。

    1.2.6   日常生活能力

    采用《日常生活能力量表》，有2项或2项以上得分≥3分, 或总分≥22分判定为日常生活能力障碍[8]。

    1.2.7   认知功能

    采用《简易智力状态检查量表》进行认知功能筛查，评分标准依据老年人文化程度划分，文盲/半文盲组≤17分、小学组≤20分、初中及以上组≤24分者为认知功能受损[9]。

    1.3   统计学方法

    采用SPSS 23.0软件进行数据分析。计数资料用频数和频率表示，计数资料根据是否正态分布采用x±s或M(P25，P75)表示。计量资料组间比较采用χ2检验，计量资料采用t检验，采用多因素logistic回归分析老年总体自我忽视及各维度的影响因素。检验水准α=0.05。

    2.   结果

    2.1   调查对象一般特征

    共有648名抑郁老年人。其中农村369人，占56.9%；男性247人，占38.1%，见表 1。

    表  1  抑郁状态下老年人一般特征及总体自我忽视单因素分析
    Table  1.  Univariate analysis of general characteristics and overall self-neglect in the elderly with depression
    变量Variable 总计Total 自我忽视Self-neglect χ2/t值value P值value
    低 ① Low ① 高 ① High ①
    居住地Residence 8.051 0.005
      农村Rural 369 153(41.5) 216(58.5)
      城市City 279 147(52.7) 132(47.3)
    性别Gender 0.839 0.360
      男Male 247 120(48.6) 127(51.4)
      女Famle 401 180(44.9) 221(55.1)
    年龄组/岁Age group/years 2.521 0.283
      ＞60~70 229 114(49.8) 115(50.2)
      ＞70~80 304 139(45.7) 165(54.3)
      ＞80 115 47(40.9) 68(59.1)
    宗教信仰Religious belief 0.048 0.827
      无No 427 199(46.6) 228(53.4)
      有Yes 221 101(45.7) 120(54.3)
    文化程度Education level 5.786 0.055
      文盲Illiteracy/半文盲Semi-illiterate 381 163(42.8) 218(57.2)
      小学Primary education 147 71(48.3) 76(51.7)
      初中及以上Junior high school or above 120 66(55.0) 54(45.0)
    婚姻状况Marital status 4.022 0.045
      非在婚Out of marriage 216 88(40.7) 128(59.3)
      在婚In marriage 432 212(49.1) 220(50.9)
    独居Living alone 1.441 0.230
      否No 478 228(47.7) 250(52.3)
      是Yes 170 72(42.4) 98(57.6)
    自评健康状况Self-rated health status 2.267 0.322
      较好Better 88 44(50.0) 44(50.0)
      一般General 261 127(48.7) 134(51.3)
      较差Poor 299 129(43.1) 170(56.9)
    疼痛Pain 0.764 0.382
      无No 239 116(48.5) 123(51.5)
      有Yes 409 184(45.0) 225(55.0)
    慢性病Chronic disease 0.007 0.932
      否No 77 36(46.8) 41(53.2)
      是Yes 571 264(46.2) 307(53.8)
    自报经济状况Self-reported economic 26.840 ＜0.001
      较好Better 23 17(73.9) 6(26.1)
      一般General 216 124(57.4) 92(42.6)
      较差Poor 409 159(38.9) 250(61.1)
    吸烟Smoking 1.152 0.283
      否No 583 274(47.0) 309(53.0)
      是Yes 65 26(40.0) 39(60.0)
    饮酒Drinking 0.252 0.616
      否No 599 279(46.6) 320(53.4)
      是Yes 49 21(42.9) 28(57.1)
    日常生活能力Ability of daily living 23.130 ＜0.001
      正常Normal 279 151(54.1) 128(45.9)
      下降Decrease 133 69(51.9) 64(48.1)
      障碍Obstacles 236 80(33.9) 156(66.1)
    认知功能Cognitive function 1.032 0.310
      受损Damage 456 217(47.6) 239(52.4)
      正常Normal 192 83(43.2) 109(56.8)
    参与体育锻炼情况Participation in physical exercise 27.765 ＜0.001
      否No 421 163(38.7) 258(61.3)
      是Yes 227 137(60.4) 90(39.6)
    继续参与工作Continue to participate in the work 0.186 0.667
      否No 616 284(46.1) 332(53.9)
      是Yes 32 16(50.0) 16(50.0)
    参与照顾子孙Participate in caring for children or grandchildren 0.144 0.704
      否No 558 260(46.6) 298(53.4)
      是Yes 90 40(44.4) 50(55.6)
    参与友谊与关爱互动Participate in friendship and caring interaction 18.770 ＜0.001
      否No 454 185(40.7) 269(59.3)
      是Yes 194 115(59.3) 79(40.7)
    定期参与集体组织活动Participate in collective organization activities regularly 9.298 0.002
      否No 560 246(43.9) 314(56.1)
      是Yes 88 54(61.4) 34(38.6)
    定期参与文化娱乐活动Participate in cultural and recreational activities regularly 17.607 ＜0.001
      否No 569 246(43.2) 323(56.8)
      是Yes 79 54(68.4) 25(31.6)
    抑郁得分Depression score 10.05±1.83 9.77±1.55 10.30±2.01 -3.802 ＜0.001
    注：①以人数(占比/%)或x±s表示。
    Note: ① Number of people(proportion/%) or x±s.
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格

    2.2   自我忽视现状

    在648名老年人中，自我忽视总分为(7.42±5.10)分。

    2.3   老年人总体自我忽视单因素分析

    单因素分析结果显示，与老年人总体自我忽视有统计学关联的变量有：居住地(χ2 =8.051，P=0.005)、自报经济状况(χ2 =26.840，P＜0.001)、参与体育锻炼情况(χ2 =27.765，P＜0.001)、参与友谊与关爱互动(χ2 =18.770，P＜0.001)等。见表 1。

    2.4   老年人总体自我忽视及各维度多因素logistic回归分析

    以总体自我忽视及自我忽视5个维度各自单因素分析结果P＜0.100和可能有实际意义的变量为自变量进行多因素二分类logistic回归分析。调整性别、年龄等因素后结果显示，参与体育锻炼(OR=0.521, 95% CI: 0.359~0.758, P＜0.01)、参与友谊与关爱互动(OR=0.622, 95% CI: 0.423~0.916, P＜0.05)与老年总体自我忽视相关。参与体育锻炼还与卫生自我忽视(OR=0.523, 95% CI: 0.332~0.822, P＜0.01)、情感自我忽视(OR=0.537, 95% CI: 0.364~0.793, P＜0.01)、社会交往自我忽视(OR=0.486, 95% CI: 0.334~0.709, P＜0.001)相关；参与友谊与关爱互动还与卫生自我忽视(OR=0.438, 95% CI: 0.268~ 0.717, P＜0.01)、安全自我忽视(OR=0.236, 95% CI: 0.138~0.403, P＜0.001)、社会交往自我忽视(OR=0.51, 95% CI: 0.345~0.755, P＜0.01)相关。见表 2。

    表  2  老年人自我忽视多因素logistic回归分析
    Table  2.  Multivariate logistic regression analysis of self-neglect in the elderly
    变量Variable 总体自我忽视 ① Overall self-neglect ① OR值value (95% CI) 医疗自我忽视 ② Medical health and care self-neglect ② OR值value (95% CI) 卫生自我忽视 ③ Environmental sanitation and personal hygiene self-neglect ③ OR值value (95% CI) 情感自我忽视 ④ Affective self-neglect ④ OR值value (95% CI) 安全自我忽视 ⑤ Safety self-neglect ⑤ OR值value (95% CI) 社会交往自我忽视 ⑥ Social communication self-neglect ⑥ OR值value (95% CI)
    参与体育锻炼情况(是/否) Participation in physical exercise (Yes /No) 0.521 (0.359~0.758) ⑧ 0.723 (0.461~1.134) 0.523 (0.332~0.822) ⑧ 0.537 (0.364~0.793) ⑧ 0.801 (0.616~1.242) 0.486 (0.334~0.709) ⑨
    继续参与工作(是/否) Continue to participate in the work (Yes/No) 0.976 (0.451~2.113) 0.884 (0.347~2.25) 0.254 (0.057~1.133) 1.208 (0.544~2.681) 0.467 (0.163~1.34) 0.428 (0.194~0.946) ⑦
    参与照顾子孙(是/否) Participate in caring for children or grandchildren (Yes/No) 1.633 (0.968~2.757) 1.372 (0.78~2.412) 1.080 (0.599~1.948) 0.866 (0.507~1.481) 0.704 (0.373~1.327) 0.738 (0.436~1.249)
    参与友谊与关爱互动(是/否) Participate in friendship and caring interaction (Yes/No) 0.622 (0.423~0.916) ⑦ 1.266 (0.807~1.984) 0.438 (0.268~0.717) ⑧ 1.029 (0.687~1.541) 0.236 (0.138~0.403) ⑨ 0.510 (0.345~0.755) ⑧
    定期参与集体组织活动(是/否) Participate in collective organization activities regularly (Yes / No) 0.898 (0.511~1.577) 0.670 (0.342~1.312) 0.849 (0.425~1.694) 0.833 (0.466~1.488) 0.923 (0.475~1.795) 0.856 (0.482~1.522)
    定期参与文化娱乐活动(是/否) Participate in cultural and recreational activities regularly (Yes /No) 0.622 (0.340~1.137) 0.655 (0.315~1.365) 0.920 (0.449~1.885) 0.831 (0.444~1.555) 1.120 (0.578~2.170) 0.506 (0.274~0.938) ⑦
    注：①代表调整性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、居住地、慢性病、自报经济状况、日常生活能力、抑郁得分; ②代表调整性别、年龄、居住地、慢性病、吸烟、饮酒、疼痛、自评健康状况、自报经济状况、日常生活能力、认知功能、抑郁得分; ③代表调整性别、年龄、宗教信仰、文化程度、居住地、慢性病、疼痛、自评健康状况、日常生活能力、认知功能、抑郁得分; ④代表调整性别、年龄、宗教信仰、文化程度、婚姻状况、居住地、独居、疼痛、自报经济状况、日常生活能力、认知功能，抑郁得分; ⑤代表调整性别、年龄、宗教信仰、文化程度、婚姻状况、居住地、慢性病、自报经济状况、日常生活能力、认知功能、抑郁得分; ⑥代表调整性别、年龄、宗教信仰、文化程度、婚姻状况、居住地、独居、慢性病、自报经济状况、日常生活能力、认知功能、抑郁得分; ⑦代表P＜0.05; ⑧代表P＜0.01; ⑨代表P＜0.001.
    Note: ① means adjust gender, age, educational level, marital status, residence, chronic disease, self-reported economic status, daily living ability and depression scores; ② means adjust gender, age, residence，chronic disease，smoking，drinking alcohol，pain，self-rated health status, self-reported economic, daily living ability cognitive function and depression scores; ③ means adjust gender, age, religious belief, educational level, residence, chronic disease, pain, self-rated health status, daily living ability, cognitive function and depression scores; ④ means adjust gender, age, religious belief, educational level, marital status, residence, living alone, pain, self-reported economic status, daily living ability, cognitive function and depression scores; ⑤ means adjust gender, age, religious belief, educational level, marital status, residence, chronic disease, self-reported economic status, daily living ability, cognitive function and depression scores; ⑥ means adjust gender, age, religious belief, educational level, marital status, residence, living alone, chronic disease, self-reported economic status, daily living ability, cognitive function and depression scores; ⑦means P＜0.05; ⑧means P＜0.01; ⑨means P＜0.001.
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格

    3.   讨论

    本研究结果显示，648名抑郁老年人自我忽视总分为(7.42 ± 5.10)分，高于王娜等[10]对社区空巢老人测量的结果。可能是由于人群地域、年龄、生活习惯等因素产生的差异。

    参与体育锻炼是老年人自我忽视的保护因素，且与卫生自我忽视、情感自我忽视以及社会交往自我忽视3个维度相关。通过进一步的分析发现，总体自我忽视程度较低的老年人中，锻炼持续时间在30~60 min、运动强度为微微发热的占比最高。因此，在生活中应积极进行适当的体育锻炼，排解抑郁焦虑情绪。

    与不参与友谊与关爱互动相比，参与友谊与关爱互动的老年人自我忽视程度较低，并与卫生、安全、社会交往自我忽视3个维度相关。情感支持对老年人格外重要，平时的陪伴、聊天等对老年人自我忽视具有抑制作用，提高老年人情感互动的社会参与度可以有效改善其身体健康，紧密其与社会的联系。

    值得关注的是，本研究发现继续参与工作、参与照顾子孙、定期参与集体组织活动与老年人自我忽视没有关联。可能的原因是迫于经济压力或家庭压力继续参与工作、家庭照护的老年人会把有限的精力和资源转移，这一类型的社会参与形式可能中和了社会参与带来的保护作用。

    由于研究样本仅来自于马鞍山市，代表性有限，且采用横断面研究的方法，因果推断受到限制，未来需建立长期的、多地区的纵向队列满足研究需要。尽管如此，本研究结果仍然提示处于抑郁状态下的老年人适当地积极参与社会活动，不但可以为社会发展作出贡献，还可以满足老年人的基本心理需求、实现自我价值，提高生活满意度，从而减少自我忽视的发生[12]。家庭和社会应共同努力，鼓励老年人进行适当体育锻炼和情感互动，从而帮助其树立积极乐观的生活态度，降低自我忽视水平。

  • 表  1  抑郁状态下老年人一般特征及总体自我忽视单因素分析

    Table  1.   Univariate analysis of general characteristics and overall self-neglect in the elderly with depression

    变量Variable 总计Total 自我忽视Self-neglect χ2/t值value P值value
    低 ① Low ① 高 ① High ①
    居住地Residence 8.051 0.005
      农村Rural 369 153(41.5) 216(58.5)
      城市City 279 147(52.7) 132(47.3)
    性别Gender 0.839 0.360
      男Male 247 120(48.6) 127(51.4)
      女Famle 401 180(44.9) 221(55.1)
    年龄组/岁Age group/years 2.521 0.283
      ＞60~70 229 114(49.8) 115(50.2)
      ＞70~80 304 139(45.7) 165(54.3)
      ＞80 115 47(40.9) 68(59.1)
    宗教信仰Religious belief 0.048 0.827
      无No 427 199(46.6) 228(53.4)
      有Yes 221 101(45.7) 120(54.3)
    文化程度Education level 5.786 0.055
      文盲Illiteracy/半文盲Semi-illiterate 381 163(42.8) 218(57.2)
      小学Primary education 147 71(48.3) 76(51.7)
      初中及以上Junior high school or above 120 66(55.0) 54(45.0)
    婚姻状况Marital status 4.022 0.045
      非在婚Out of marriage 216 88(40.7) 128(59.3)
      在婚In marriage 432 212(49.1) 220(50.9)
    独居Living alone 1.441 0.230
      否No 478 228(47.7) 250(52.3)
      是Yes 170 72(42.4) 98(57.6)
    自评健康状况Self-rated health status 2.267 0.322
      较好Better 88 44(50.0) 44(50.0)
      一般General 261 127(48.7) 134(51.3)
      较差Poor 299 129(43.1) 170(56.9)
    疼痛Pain 0.764 0.382
      无No 239 116(48.5) 123(51.5)
      有Yes 409 184(45.0) 225(55.0)
    慢性病Chronic disease 0.007 0.932
      否No 77 36(46.8) 41(53.2)
      是Yes 571 264(46.2) 307(53.8)
    自报经济状况Self-reported economic 26.840 ＜0.001
      较好Better 23 17(73.9) 6(26.1)
      一般General 216 124(57.4) 92(42.6)
      较差Poor 409 159(38.9) 250(61.1)
    吸烟Smoking 1.152 0.283
      否No 583 274(47.0) 309(53.0)
      是Yes 65 26(40.0) 39(60.0)
    饮酒Drinking 0.252 0.616
      否No 599 279(46.6) 320(53.4)
      是Yes 49 21(42.9) 28(57.1)
    日常生活能力Ability of daily living 23.130 ＜0.001
      正常Normal 279 151(54.1) 128(45.9)
      下降Decrease 133 69(51.9) 64(48.1)
      障碍Obstacles 236 80(33.9) 156(66.1)
    认知功能Cognitive function 1.032 0.310
      受损Damage 456 217(47.6) 239(52.4)
      正常Normal 192 83(43.2) 109(56.8)
    参与体育锻炼情况Participation in physical exercise 27.765 ＜0.001
      否No 421 163(38.7) 258(61.3)
      是Yes 227 137(60.4) 90(39.6)
    继续参与工作Continue to participate in the work 0.186 0.667
      否No 616 284(46.1) 332(53.9)
      是Yes 32 16(50.0) 16(50.0)
    参与照顾子孙Participate in caring for children or grandchildren 0.144 0.704
      否No 558 260(46.6) 298(53.4)
      是Yes 90 40(44.4) 50(55.6)
    参与友谊与关爱互动Participate in friendship and caring interaction 18.770 ＜0.001
      否No 454 185(40.7) 269(59.3)
      是Yes 194 115(59.3) 79(40.7)
    定期参与集体组织活动Participate in collective organization activities regularly 9.298 0.002
      否No 560 246(43.9) 314(56.1)
      是Yes 88 54(61.4) 34(38.6)
    定期参与文化娱乐活动Participate in cultural and recreational activities regularly 17.607 ＜0.001
      否No 569 246(43.2) 323(56.8)
      是Yes 79 54(68.4) 25(31.6)
    抑郁得分Depression score 10.05±1.83 9.77±1.55 10.30±2.01 -3.802 ＜0.001
    注：①以人数(占比/%)或x±s表示。
    Note: ① Number of people(proportion/%) or x±s.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  老年人自我忽视多因素logistic回归分析

    Table  2.   Multivariate logistic regression analysis of self-neglect in the elderly

    变量Variable 总体自我忽视 ① Overall self-neglect ① OR值value (95% CI) 医疗自我忽视 ② Medical health and care self-neglect ② OR值value (95% CI) 卫生自我忽视 ③ Environmental sanitation and personal hygiene self-neglect ③ OR值value (95% CI) 情感自我忽视 ④ Affective self-neglect ④ OR值value (95% CI) 安全自我忽视 ⑤ Safety self-neglect ⑤ OR值value (95% CI) 社会交往自我忽视 ⑥ Social communication self-neglect ⑥ OR值value (95% CI)
    参与体育锻炼情况(是/否) Participation in physical exercise (Yes /No) 0.521 (0.359~0.758) ⑧ 0.723 (0.461~1.134) 0.523 (0.332~0.822) ⑧ 0.537 (0.364~0.793) ⑧ 0.801 (0.616~1.242) 0.486 (0.334~0.709) ⑨
    继续参与工作(是/否) Continue to participate in the work (Yes/No) 0.976 (0.451~2.113) 0.884 (0.347~2.25) 0.254 (0.057~1.133) 1.208 (0.544~2.681) 0.467 (0.163~1.34) 0.428 (0.194~0.946) ⑦
    参与照顾子孙(是/否) Participate in caring for children or grandchildren (Yes/No) 1.633 (0.968~2.757) 1.372 (0.78~2.412) 1.080 (0.599~1.948) 0.866 (0.507~1.481) 0.704 (0.373~1.327) 0.738 (0.436~1.249)
    参与友谊与关爱互动(是/否) Participate in friendship and caring interaction (Yes/No) 0.622 (0.423~0.916) ⑦ 1.266 (0.807~1.984) 0.438 (0.268~0.717) ⑧ 1.029 (0.687~1.541) 0.236 (0.138~0.403) ⑨ 0.510 (0.345~0.755) ⑧
    定期参与集体组织活动(是/否) Participate in collective organization activities regularly (Yes / No) 0.898 (0.511~1.577) 0.670 (0.342~1.312) 0.849 (0.425~1.694) 0.833 (0.466~1.488) 0.923 (0.475~1.795) 0.856 (0.482~1.522)
    定期参与文化娱乐活动(是/否) Participate in cultural and recreational activities regularly (Yes /No) 0.622 (0.340~1.137) 0.655 (0.315~1.365) 0.920 (0.449~1.885) 0.831 (0.444~1.555) 1.120 (0.578~2.170) 0.506 (0.274~0.938) ⑦
    注：①代表调整性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、居住地、慢性病、自报经济状况、日常生活能力、抑郁得分; ②代表调整性别、年龄、居住地、慢性病、吸烟、饮酒、疼痛、自评健康状况、自报经济状况、日常生活能力、认知功能、抑郁得分; ③代表调整性别、年龄、宗教信仰、文化程度、居住地、慢性病、疼痛、自评健康状况、日常生活能力、认知功能、抑郁得分; ④代表调整性别、年龄、宗教信仰、文化程度、婚姻状况、居住地、独居、疼痛、自报经济状况、日常生活能力、认知功能，抑郁得分; ⑤代表调整性别、年龄、宗教信仰、文化程度、婚姻状况、居住地、慢性病、自报经济状况、日常生活能力、认知功能、抑郁得分; ⑥代表调整性别、年龄、宗教信仰、文化程度、婚姻状况、居住地、独居、慢性病、自报经济状况、日常生活能力、认知功能、抑郁得分; ⑦代表P＜0.05; ⑧代表P＜0.01; ⑨代表P＜0.001.
    Note: ① means adjust gender, age, educational level, marital status, residence, chronic disease, self-reported economic status, daily living ability and depression scores; ② means adjust gender, age, residence，chronic disease，smoking，drinking alcohol，pain，self-rated health status, self-reported economic, daily living ability cognitive function and depression scores; ③ means adjust gender, age, religious belief, educational level, residence, chronic disease, pain, self-rated health status, daily living ability, cognitive function and depression scores; ④ means adjust gender, age, religious belief, educational level, marital status, residence, living alone, pain, self-reported economic status, daily living ability, cognitive function and depression scores; ⑤ means adjust gender, age, religious belief, educational level, marital status, residence, chronic disease, self-reported economic status, daily living ability, cognitive function and depression scores; ⑥ means adjust gender, age, religious belief, educational level, marital status, residence, living alone, chronic disease, self-reported economic status, daily living ability, cognitive function and depression scores; ⑦means P＜0.05; ⑧means P＜0.01; ⑨means P＜0.001.
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    • 参考文献(12)
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  • 收稿日期:  2023-05-19
  • 修回日期:  2023-10-21
  • 网络出版日期:  2024-06-05
  • 刊出日期:  2024-05-10

目录

摘要
HTML全文

  • 1.   资料与方法

  • 1.1   对象与方法

  • 1.2   研究方法

  • 1.3   统计学方法

  • 2.   结果

  • 2.1   调查对象一般特征

  • 2.2   自我忽视现状

  • 2.3   老年人总体自我忽视单因素分析

  • 2.4   老年人总体自我忽视及各维度多因素logistic回归分析

  • 3.   讨论

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