中国四年级学生近视检出情况及其相关因素

张宪; 李天浩; 王卫东; 胡以松; 毛延新

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2024.08.001

中国四年级学生近视检出情况及其相关因素

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2024.08.001

张宪¹,
李天浩²,
王卫东^{2, 3},
胡以松⁴,
毛延新^4, ,

1.
对外经济贸易大学深圳研究院，深圳 518000
2.
中国人民大学社会学院，北京 100872
3.
中国人民大学社会心理学研究所，北京 100872
4.
中国人民大学中国调查与数据中心，北京 100872

基金项目:

中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)项目成果 10XNN002

详细信息

通讯作者:
毛延新, E-mail: maoyxnsrc@ruc.edu.cn

中图分类号: R181.3
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- 文章访问数: 77
- HTML全文浏览量: 26
- PDF下载量: 24
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-01-17
- 修回日期: 2024-07-15
- 网络出版日期: 2024-09-29
- 刊出日期: 2024-08-10

Prevalence of myopia and associated factors among fourth-grade students in China

ZHANG Xian¹,
LI Tianhao²,
WANG Weidong^{2, 3},
HU Yisong⁴,
MAO Yanxin^{4
, ,}

1.
Shenzhen Institute, University of International Business and Economics, Shenzhen 518000, China
2.
School of Social Research, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
3.
Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
4.
National Survey Research Center, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China

Funds:

the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, and the Research Funds of Renmin University of China 10XNN002

More Information

Corresponding author: MAO Yanxin, E-mail: maoyxnsrc@ruc.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 目的分析中国四年级学生近视检出情况，探讨影响学生近视的因素。方法从2018年中国教育追踪调查(China education panel survey, CEPS)小学队列中选取符合条件的四年级学生作为研究对象，共26 373人。采用χ²检验比较不同特征学生近视检出率差异，并利用多水平logistic回归分析模型分析影响近视检出率的因素。结果小学四年级学生筛查性近视检出率为52.11%，女生的近视检出率(56.38%)高于男生(48.20%)(χ²=176.597, P < 0.001)；城镇户籍学生的近视检出率为55.71%，比农村户籍学生(48.59%)高7.12%(χ²=133.790, P < 0.001)。多水平logistic回归分析模型分析显示城乡学生近视检出率影响因素不同，是否参加体育兴趣班(OR=0.83, 95% CI：0.74~0.93, P=0.001)、与父母同住情况(OR=1.21，95% CI：1.07~1.38, P=0.002)对农村学生近视检出率的作用显著；年龄(OR=0.91，95% CI：0.84~0.98，P=0.014)、是否为独生子女(OR=1.09, 95% CI：1.01~1.18, P=0.030)、认知水平(OR=1.09，95% CI：1.01~1.18, P=0.032)、家庭经济条件(OR=1.23, 95% CI：1.03~1.47, P=0.020)对城镇学生近视检出率作用显著。结论科学控制学生近视风险需要根据学生自身、家庭及其生活环境，因地制宜，结合城乡差异采取合理的干预措施。
- 四年级学生 /
- 近视 /
- 睡眠时间
Abstract: Objective To analyze the screening nearsightedness of the fourth grade students in China and discuss the factors affecting the students′ myopia. Methods A total of 26 373 students were selected from the fourth grade primary school cohort of China education panel survey (CEPS) in 2018. χ² test was used to compare the prevalence of myopia among students with different characteristics, and multi-level logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors affecting the detection rate of myopia. Results The prevalence rate of screening myopia was 52.11%, with girls (56.38%) higher than boys (48.20%) (χ²=176.597, P < 0.001). The myopia rate of urban registered students was 55.71%, which is 7.12% higher than that of rural registered students (48.59%) (χ²=133.790, P < 0.001). Multilevel logistic regression analysis showed that there were different factors affecting the risk of myopia among urban and rural students. Whether they participated in sports interest classes (OR=0.83, 95% CI: 0.74-0.93, P=0.001) and living with parents (OR=1.21, 95% CI: 1.07-1.38, P=0.002) had a significant effect on the risk of myopia among rural students. Age (OR=0.91, 95% CI: 0.84-0.98, P=0.014), only child or not (OR=1.09, 95% CI: 1.01-1.18, P=0.030), cognitive level or not (OR=1.09, 95% CI: 1.01-1.18, P=0.032), family economic conditions (OR=1.23, 95% CI: 1.03-1.47, P=0.020) had significant effect on myopia risk of urban students. Conclusions It is necessary to take reasonable intervention measures according to local conditions and the difference between urban and rural areas to control the prevalence of myopia in students scientifically.
- Fourth grade students /
- Myopia /
- Sleep duration

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表 1 不同特征四年级学生近视筛查情况的比较

Table 1. A comparison of myopia screening among fourth grade students with different characteristics

特征 Characteristic	调查人数 Number of people surveyed	近视人数 ^① Number of myopic people ^①	χ²值 value	P值 value
年龄/岁 Age/years			8.815	0.003
10	13 560	7 186(52.99)
11	12 813	6 556(51.17)
性别 Gender			176.597	<0.001
女性 Female	12 604	7 106(56.38)
男性 Male	13 769	6 636(48.20)
户籍 Household registration			133.790	<0.001
农村 Rural	13 348	6 486(48.59)
城镇 Urban	13 025	7 256(55.71)
是否为独生子女 Only child or not			48.834	<0.001
否 No	18 377	9 315(50.69)
是 Yes	7 996	4 427(55.37)
认知水平 Cognitive level			23.460	<0.001
均分以下 Below the average score	13 268	6 717(50.63)
均分及以上 Average score and above	13 105	7 025(53.61)
是否参加体育兴趣班 Whether or not to participate in sports interest classes			16.392	<0.001
否 No	21 895	11 532(52.67)
是 Yes	4 478	2 210(49.35)
每周参加课外补习班时长 Duration of after-school tuition per week/h			91.222	<0.001
0	12 867	6 371(49.51)
1~ <6	8 239	4 359(52.91)
≥6	5 267	3 012(57.19)
睡眠时长 Sleep duration/h			190.290	<0.001
<10	20 256	11 027(54.44)
≥10	6 117	2 715(44.38)
母亲受教育程度 Mother′s educational attainment			106.326	<0.001
小学及以下 Elementary school and below	4 211	2 016(47.87)
初中 Junior high school	8 108	4 027(49.67)
高中/中专 High school/technical secondary school	6 033	3 186(52.81)
大专/本科及以上 College/bachelor′s degree or above	8 021	4 513(56.26)
父亲受教育程度 Father′s educational attainment			136.500	<0.001
小学及以下 Elementary school and below	3 172	1 495(47.13)
初中 Junior high school	8 472	4 157(49.07)
高中/中专 High school/technical secondary school	6 395	3 357(52.49)
大专/本科及以上 College/bachelor′s degree or above	8 334	4 733(56.79)
居住情况 Residency			69.863	<0.001
不与父母同住 Do not live with parents	2 848	1 276(44.80)
与父母一方同住 Living with one parent	5 479	2 862(52.24)
与父母同住 Living with parents	18 046	9 604(53.22)
家庭经济条件 Family economic conditions			39.058	<0.001
困难 Difficulty	5 072	2 459(48.48)
中等 Medium	19 645	10 358(52.73)
富裕 Wealthy	1 656	925(55.86)
学校所在地区海拔 The altitude of the area where the school is located/m			241.039	<0.001
<500	15 726	7 656(48.68)
500~ <1 500	6 559	3 558(54.25)
≥1 500	4 088	2 528(61.84)
地区行政级别 Regional administrative level			98.161	<0.001
直辖市/省会 Municipalities/provincial capitals	8 554	4 748(55.51)
地级市 Cities	5 880	3 165(53.83)
县/县级市 County/county-level city	11 939	5 829(48.82)
注: ①以人数(占比/%)表示。 Note: ① Number of people (proportion/%).

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表 2 影响近视检出率的多水平logistic回归模型分析

Table 2. Multilevel logistic regression model analysis on the prevalence of myopia

变量 Variable	总体学生 Overall students		农村学生 Rural students		城镇学生 Urban students
变量 Variable	OR值 value (95% CI)	P值 value	OR值 value (95% CI)	P值 value	OR值 value (95% CI)	P值 value
户籍 Household registration
农村 Rural	1.00
城镇 Urban	1.10(1.03~1.17)	0.006
年龄/岁 Age/years
10	1.00		1.00		1.00
11	0.94(0.89~0.99)	0.026	0.98(0.91~1.05)	0.535	0.91(0.84~0.98)	0.014
性别 Gender
女性 Female	1.00		1.00		1.00
男性 Male	0.71(0.68~0.75)	< 0.001	0.70(0.65~0.75)	< 0.001	0.74(0.68~0.79)	< 0.001
是否为独生子女 Only child or not
否 No	1.00		1.00		1.00
是 Yes	1.07(1.01~1.14)	0.026	1.05(0.95~1.16)	0.313	1.09(1.01~1.18)	0.030
认知水平 Cognitive level
均分以下 Below the average score	1.00		1.00		1.00
均分及以上 Average score and above	1.07(1.01~1.13)	0.015	1.06(0.98~1.14)	0.177	1.09(1.01~1.18)	0.032
是否参加体育兴趣班 Whether or not to participate in sports interest classes
否 No	1.00		1.00		1.00
是 Yes	0.90(0.84~0.97)	0.006	0.83(0.74~0.93)	0.001	0.96(0.88~1.06)	0.420
每周参加课外补习班时长 Duration of after-school tuition per week/h
0	1.00		1.00		1.00
1~<6	1.03(0.97~1.10)	0.360	1.07(0.98~1.17)	0.139	0.98(0.90~1.07)	0.647
≥6	1.22(1.13~1.31)	<0.001	1.33(1.19~1.48)	<0.001	1.13(1.03~1.25)	0.013
睡眠时长 Sleep duration/h
<10	1.00		1.00		1.00
≥10	0.73(0.68~0.78)	<0.001	0.72(0.66~0.78)	<0.001	0.73(0.66~0.81)	<0.001
母亲受教育程度 Mother′s educational attainment
小学及以下 Elementary school and below	1.00		1.00		1.00
初中 Junior high school	1.01(0.92~1.11)	0.779	1.01(0.90~1.12)	0.906	1.06(0.88~1.26)	0.540
高中/中专 High school/technical secondary school	1.00(0.90~1.11)	0.991	0.96(0.84~1.09)	0.544	1.10(0.91~1.32)	0.339
大专/本科及以上 College/bachelor′s degree or above	0.98(0.87~1.10)	0.682	0.90(0.76~1.07)	0.241.00	1.08(0.89~1.31)	0.448
父亲受教育程度 Father′s educational attainment
小学及以下 Elementary school and below	1.00		1.00		1.00
初中 Junior high school	1.07(0.97~1.18)	0.148	1.05(0.94~1.18)	0.362	1.14(0.94~1.37)	0.186
高中/中专 High school/technical secondary school	1.15(1.03~1.28)	0.012	1.12(0.98~1.28)	0.104	1.23(1.01~1.50)	0.040
大专/本科及以上 College/bachelor′s degree or above	1.26(1.12~1.43)	<0.001	1.26(1.06~1.50)	0.009	1.33(1.08~1.63)	0.007
居住情况 Residency
不与父母同住 Do not live with parents	1.00		1.00		1.00
与父母一方同住 Living with one parent	1.15(1.04~1.27)	0.005	1.21(1.07~1.38)	0.002	1.05(0.89~1.23)	0.582
与父母同住 Living with parents	1.05(0.96~1.15)	0.260	1.08(0.97~1.21)	0.164	0.99(0.85~1.15)	0.893
家庭经济条件 Family economic conditions
困难 Difficulty	1.00		1.00		1.00
中等 Medium	1.08(1.00~1.16)	0.037	1.06(0.97~1.16)	0.176	1.11(0.98~1.26)	0.115
富裕 Wealthy	1.19(1.05~1.35)	0.006	1.14(0.94~1.38)	0.188	1.23(1.03~1.47)	0.020
学校所在地区海拔 The altitude of the area where the school is located/m
<500	1.00		1.00		1.00
500~<1 500	1.30(1.02~1.66)	0.036	1.26(0.97~1.63)	0.083	1.41(1.08~1.84)	0.012
≥1 500	1.39(1.08~1.79)	0.011	1.35(1.04~1.76)	0.024	1.90(1.41~2.55)	< 0.001
地区行政级别 Regional administrative level
直辖市/省会 Municipalities/provincial capitals	1.00		1.00		1.00
地级市 Cities	1.03(0.80~1.33)	0.807	0.98(0.74~1.30)	0.889	1.06(0.81~1.39)	0.679
县/县级市 County/county-level city	0.80(0.64~1.01)	0.065	0.76(0.59~0.98)	0.033	0.78(0.61~1.01)	0.063

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特征 Characteristic	调查人数 Number of people surveyed	近视人数 ^① Number of myopic people ^①	χ²值 value	P值 value
年龄/岁 Age/years			8.815	0.003
10	13 560	7 186(52.99)
11	12 813	6 556(51.17)
性别 Gender			176.597	<0.001
女性 Female	12 604	7 106(56.38)
男性 Male	13 769	6 636(48.20)
户籍 Household registration			133.790	<0.001
农村 Rural	13 348	6 486(48.59)
城镇 Urban	13 025	7 256(55.71)
是否为独生子女 Only child or not			48.834	<0.001
否 No	18 377	9 315(50.69)
是 Yes	7 996	4 427(55.37)
认知水平 Cognitive level			23.460	<0.001
均分以下 Below the average score	13 268	6 717(50.63)
均分及以上 Average score and above	13 105	7 025(53.61)
是否参加体育兴趣班 Whether or not to participate in sports interest classes			16.392	<0.001
否 No	21 895	11 532(52.67)
是 Yes	4 478	2 210(49.35)
每周参加课外补习班时长 Duration of after-school tuition per week/h			91.222	<0.001
0	12 867	6 371(49.51)
1~ <6	8 239	4 359(52.91)
≥6	5 267	3 012(57.19)
睡眠时长 Sleep duration/h			190.290	<0.001
<10	20 256	11 027(54.44)
≥10	6 117	2 715(44.38)
母亲受教育程度 Mother′s educational attainment			106.326	<0.001
小学及以下 Elementary school and below	4 211	2 016(47.87)
初中 Junior high school	8 108	4 027(49.67)
高中/中专 High school/technical secondary school	6 033	3 186(52.81)
大专/本科及以上 College/bachelor′s degree or above	8 021	4 513(56.26)
父亲受教育程度 Father′s educational attainment			136.500	<0.001
小学及以下 Elementary school and below	3 172	1 495(47.13)
初中 Junior high school	8 472	4 157(49.07)
高中/中专 High school/technical secondary school	6 395	3 357(52.49)
大专/本科及以上 College/bachelor′s degree or above	8 334	4 733(56.79)
居住情况 Residency			69.863	<0.001
不与父母同住 Do not live with parents	2 848	1 276(44.80)
与父母一方同住 Living with one parent	5 479	2 862(52.24)
与父母同住 Living with parents	18 046	9 604(53.22)
家庭经济条件 Family economic conditions			39.058	<0.001
困难 Difficulty	5 072	2 459(48.48)
中等 Medium	19 645	10 358(52.73)
富裕 Wealthy	1 656	925(55.86)
学校所在地区海拔 The altitude of the area where the school is located/m			241.039	<0.001
<500	15 726	7 656(48.68)
500~ <1 500	6 559	3 558(54.25)
≥1 500	4 088	2 528(61.84)
地区行政级别 Regional administrative level			98.161	<0.001
直辖市/省会 Municipalities/provincial capitals	8 554	4 748(55.51)
地级市 Cities	5 880	3 165(53.83)
县/县级市 County/county-level city	11 939	5 829(48.82)
注: ①以人数(占比/%)表示。 Note: ① Number of people (proportion/%).

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中国四年级学生近视检出情况及其相关因素

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2024.08.001

通讯作者:
毛延新, E-mail: maoyxnsrc@ruc.edu.cn

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Prevalence of myopia and associated factors among fourth-grade students in China

Corresponding author: MAO Yanxin, E-mail: maoyxnsrc@ruc.edu.cn

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中国四年级学生近视检出情况及其相关因素

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2024.08.001

通讯作者: 毛延新, E-mail: maoyxnsrc@ruc.edu.cn

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Prevalence of myopia and associated factors among fourth-grade students in China

Corresponding author: MAO Yanxin, E-mail: maoyxnsrc@ruc.edu.cn

计量

出版历程

目录

通讯作者:
毛延新, E-mail: maoyxnsrc@ruc.edu.cn