中国10~11岁学生血红蛋白水平及贫血患病情况——基于2018年中国教育追踪调查小学队列的证据

胡以松; 李家童; 韩佳妤; 汪媛; 王卫东

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2024.08.004

中国10~11岁学生血红蛋白水平及贫血患病情况——基于2018年中国教育追踪调查小学队列的证据

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2024.08.004

胡以松¹,
李家童²,
韩佳妤¹,
汪媛³,
王卫东^{2, 4, ,}

1.
中国人民大学中国调查与数据中心，北京 100872
2.
中国人民大学社会学院，北京 100872
3.
中国疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染性疾病预防控制中心，北京 100050
4.
中国人民大学社会心理学研究所，北京 100872

基金项目:

中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)项目成果 10XNN002

详细信息

通讯作者:
王卫东，E-mail: wwd@ruc.edu.cn

中图分类号: R181.3
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-01-17
- 修回日期: 2024-07-15
- 网络出版日期: 2024-09-29
- 刊出日期: 2024-08-10

Hemoglobin levels and anemia prevalence among Chinese students aged 10-11: evidence from the 2018 China education panel study primary school cohort

1.
National Survey Research Center, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
2.
School of Social Research, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
3.
National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
4.
Social Psychology Institute, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China

Funds:

the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, and the Research Funds of Renmin University of China 10XNN002

More Information

Corresponding author: WANG Weidong, E-mail: wwd@ruc.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 目的分析中国10~11岁学生血红蛋白水平及贫血患病情况，同时探讨贫血可能的社会经济影响因素。方法本研究利用中国教育追踪调查(China education panel survey, CEPS)小学四年级学生的数据，其中有完整血红蛋白的学生样本量为17 695人。贫血的判定基于指尖血的血红蛋白结果，并按照调查学校所在地的海拔高度进行了调整。社会经济相关因素数据均来源于问卷调查结果。采用多元logistic回归分析模型分析贫血患病的影响因素。结果 2018年中国10岁、11岁学生血红蛋白平均水平分别为(130.61±11.32) g/L和(131.88±11.85) g/L，10岁组和11岁组学生的贫血患病率分别为6.78%和6.28%。男生和女生的血红蛋白平均水平分别为(131.52±11.62) g/L和(130.96±11.60) g/L，男生和女生的贫血患病率分别为6.41%和6.64%。城市户口学生的血红蛋白平均水平为(132.02±11.32) g/L，高于农村户口学生(130.70±11.78) g/L；城市户口和农村户口学生的贫血患病率分别为5.04%和7.59%。多因素logistic回归分析表明, 农村户口学生贫血的风险较高[OR(95% CI)=1.26(1.09~1.46), P=0.002]，而11岁组学生[OR(95% CI)=0.85(0.75~0.96), P=0.010]、家庭经济状况中等及以上、父母最高学历为高中及以上的学生患贫血的风险较低(均OR < 1.00, P < 0.05)。结论中国10岁和11岁学生贫血患病仍然是值得关注的公共卫生问题，且贫血患病率在不同社会经济特征的学生中存在差异，贫血的防治更需要重视脆弱人群的分布情况，制定更多有针对性的防治策略。
- 小学生 /
- 血红蛋白 /
- 贫血
Abstract: Objective To analyze the hemoglobin level and anemia prevalence in Chinese 10-11 years old children and to explore possible socio-economic factors. Methods Grade 4 students data from China education panel survey (CEPS) was used and there are 17 695 students with hemoglobin data. The anemia status was diagnosed by using hemoglobin of fingertip blood and adjusted with altitude of each school. All socio-economic factors were collected from questionnaire survey. Multiple logistic regression analysis model was used to analyze the influencing factors of anemia prevalence. Results The mean concentrations of hemoglobin were (130.61±11.32) g/L and (131.88±11.85) g/L, and the anemia prevalence was 6.78% and 6.28% respectively in 10 and 11 years old students. The mean concentrations of hemoglobin were (131.52±11.62) g/L and (130.96±11.60) g/L, and the anemia prevalence was 6.41% and 6.64% respectively in male and female students. The students with urban Hukou had higher mean concentrations of hemoglobin than that of students with rural Hukou, the mean concentrations of hemoglobin were (132.02±11.32) g/L and (130.70±11.78) g/L, and the anemia prevalence was 5.04% and 7.59% respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that primary school students with rural household registration had a higher risk of anemia [OR(95% CI)=1.26(1.09~1.46), P=0.002], while that of 11-year-old students [OR(95% CI)=0.85(0.75~0.96), P=0.010], Primary school students with medium or higher family economic status and parents with the highest education in high school or above had a lower risk of anemia (all OR < 1.00, P < 0.05). Conclusions The anemia is still a public health issue worthy of attention in 10 and 11 years old students and the anemia prevalence is different in different socio-economic students. The prevention and control of anemia should be focused on fragile population distribution and more targeted strategies are needed.
- Primary students /
- Hemoglobin /
- Anemia

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图 1 不同年龄的血红蛋白水平分布曲线

Figure 1. Hemoglobin distribution curve by different age group

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表 1 调查样本一般社会人口学特征

Table 1. Demographic characteristics of survey sample

分组 Group	男生 ^① Male ^① (n=9 291)	女生 ^① Female ^① (n=8 404)	合计 ^① Total ^① (n=17 695)
年龄/岁 Age/years
10	4 273(45.99)	4 435(52.77)	8 708(49.21)
11	5 018(54.01)	3 969(47.23)	8 987(50.79)
户口 Accounts
城市 Urban area	3 846(41.39)	3 540(42.12)	7 386(41.74)
农村 Rural area	5 445(58.61)	4 864(57.88)	10 309(58.26)
营养状况 Nutritional status
正常/消瘦 Normal/underweight	6 664(72.00)	7 209(85.92)	13 873(78.62)
超重 Overweight	1 515(16.37)	605(7.21)	2 120(12.01)
肥胖 Obesity	1 076(11.63)	576(6.87)	1 652(9.36)
注：①以人数(占比/%)表示。 Note: ① Number of people (proportion/%).

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表 2 调查样本不同年龄组血红蛋白平均水平及贫血率分布

Table 2. Hemoglobin average level and anemia prevalence distribution of survey sample by age group

分组 Group	10岁组 10 year group		11岁组 11 year group		合计 Total
分组 Group	血红蛋白 Hemoglobin ^① /(g·L^-1)	贫血率 Anemia prevalence/%	血红蛋白 Hemoglobin ^① /(g·L^-1)	贫血率 Anemia prevalence/%	血红蛋白 Hemoglobin ^① /(g·L^-1)	贫血率 Anemia prevalence/%
性别 Gender
男生 Male	130.61±11.27	6.88	132.30±11.85	6.02	131.52±11.62	6.41
女生 Female	130.61±11.37	6.67	131.36±11.83	6.60	130.96±11.60	6.64
t/χ²值 value	-0.001	0.147	3.744	1.280	3.203	0.366
P值 value	1.000	0.702	<0.001	0.258	0.001	0.545
户口 Accounts
城市 Urban	131.44±11.01	5.14	132.71±11.64	4.92	132.02±11.32	5.04
农村 Rural	129.90±11.53	8.16	131.38±11.95	7.10	130.70±11.78	7.59
t/χ²值 value	6.337	31.328	5.165	17.075	7.472	45.863
P值 value	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
营养状况 Nutritional status
正常/消瘦 Normal/underweight	130.41±11.43	7.15	131.76±11.91	6.47	131.10±11.70	6.80
超重 Overweight	131.23±10.67	5.61	132.51±11.53	5.33	131.88±11.13	5.47
肥胖 Obesity	131.46±11.24	5.29	132.25±11.68	5.50	131.82±11.44	5.39
F/χ²值 value	5.150	6.851	2.280	2.827	6.260	9.063
P值 value	0.006	0.033	0.102	0.243	0.002	0.011
合计 Total	130.61±11.32	6.78	131.88±11.85	6.28	131.26±11.61	6.52
注：①以x±s表示。 Note: ① x±s.

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表 3 贫血患病的相关影响因素分析

Table 3. Risk factor analysis of anemia

变量 Variable	分组 Group	贫血患病 Anemia prevalence
变量 Variable	分组 Group	OR值 value (95% CI)	P值 value
性别 Gender	男生 Male	1.00(0.89~1.14)	0.927
	女生(参照组) Female(reference group)	1.00
年龄/岁 Age/years	10(参照组)(Reference group)	1.00
	11	0.85(0.75~0.96)	0.010
户口Accounts	城市(参照组) Urban(reference group)	1.00
	农村 Rural	1.26(1.09~1.46)	0.002
独生子女 Only child	是 (参照组) Yes(reference group)	1.00
	否 No	1.14(0.97~1.34)	0.110
家庭经济状况 Family economic status	非常困难(参照组) Very difficult(reference group)	1.00
	比较困难 It′s more difficult	0.83(0.66~1.05)	0.129
	中等 Medium	0.47(0.38~0.59)	< 0.001
	比较或很富裕 Comparatively or very wealthy	0.47(0.32~0.69)	< 0.001
父母最高学历 Highest level of parental education	小学及以下(参照组)Elementary school and below(reference group)	1.00
	初中 Junior high school	0.93(0.77~1.12)	0.458
	高中/中专 High School/technical secondary school	0.79(0.64~0.98)	0.030
	大专及以上 College degree or above	0.70(0.55~0.88)	0.003
营养状况 Nutritional status	正常/消瘦(参照组) Normal/emaciated(reference group)	1.00
	超重 Overweight	0.88(0.72~1.08)	0.233
	肥胖 Obesity	0.89(0.71~1.11)	0.305

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