中国四年级学生的睡眠状况及身心影响因素

唐丽娜; 刘金宝; 时嘉豪; 李佳芮; 盖琴宝; 胡以松; 汪媛

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2024.08.005

中国四年级学生的睡眠状况及身心影响因素

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2024.08.005

唐丽娜^{1, 2},
刘金宝²,
时嘉豪²,
李佳芮³,
盖琴宝⁴,
胡以松⁴,
汪媛^5, ,

1.
中国人民大学社会学理论与方法研究中心，北京 100872
2.
中国人民大学社会学院社会学系，北京 100872
3.
中国人民大学外国语学院，北京 100872
4.
中国人民大学中国调查与数据中心，北京 100872
5.
中国疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染性疾病预防控制中心伤害防控与心理健康室，北京 100050

基金项目:

中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)项目成果 10XNN002

详细信息

通讯作者:
汪媛，E-mail: wangyuan@ncncd.chinacdc.cn

中图分类号: R179
计量
- 文章访问数: 99
- HTML全文浏览量: 17
- PDF下载量: 14
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-01-17
- 修回日期: 2024-07-15
- 网络出版日期: 2024-09-29
- 刊出日期: 2024-08-10

Sleep status of Chinese fourth-grade primary school students and its physical and psychological factors

TANG Lina^{1, 2},
LIU Jinbao²,
SHI Jiahao²,
LI Jiarui³,
GAI Qinbao⁴,
HU Yisong⁴,
WANG Yuan^{5
, ,}

1.
Center for Studies of Sociological Theory & Method, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
2.
Department of Sociology, School of Social Research, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
3.
School of Foreign Languages, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
4.
National Survey Research Center, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
5.
Division of Injury Prevention and Mental Health, National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China

Funds:

the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, and the Research Funds of Renmin University of China 10XNN002

More Information

Corresponding author: WANG Yuan, E-mail: wangyuan@ncncd.chinacdc.cn

摘要

摘要: 目的了解我国四年级学生睡眠量与质的状况及群体差异，探索影响学生睡眠时长和质量的身心因素。方法选取2018年中国教育追踪调查(China education panel survey, CEPS)数据库中重要变量完整的23 717名年龄为10~11岁的学生作为研究对象，分别采用多元线性回归模型和多因素logistic回归分析模型分析具体睡眠时长和自评睡眠质量的身心影响因素。结果我国四年级学生的睡眠时长均值为9.26 h，自评睡眠质量为好的学生占88.56%。BMI分类、生病频率、抑郁程度、吸烟、饮酒、食用烧烤/膨化/西式快餐食品、饮用含糖/碳酸饮料和吃早饭频率会影响睡眠时长(均P < 0.05)。而性别、自评健康等级、生病频率、饮酒、饮用含糖/碳酸饮料和吃早饭是影响学生睡眠质量的因素(均P < 0.05)。结论我国学生中有一部分睡眠平均时长＜10 h，但大部分自评睡眠质量良好，不同的身心因素与健康行为对睡眠时长和睡眠质量的影响效应存在差异化。
- 睡眠质量 /
- 睡眠时长 /
- 身心因素 /
- 小学生
Abstract: Objective To understand the status and group differences in sleep quantity and quality among fourth-grade primary school students in China, and to explore its physical and psychological factors. Methods Total of 23 717 school students between the ages of 10 and 11 with complete important variables in the 2018 China Education Panel Survey (CEPS) data were selected as research subjects. A multiple linear regression model was used to analyze factors affecting their sleep duration, and a multifactor logistic regression model was used to analyze factors affecting their sleep quality. Results The average sleep duration of fourth-grade school students nationwide was 9.26 hours, and the proportion of subjects with self-rated good sleep quality was 88.56%. BMI classification, frequency of illness, depression score, smoking, alcohol consumption, consumption of barbecued/puffed/and western fast food, consumption of sugary/carbonated beverages, and the frequency of not eating breakfast were the factors affecting their sleep duration (all P < 0.05). Gender, self-rated health rating, frequency of illness, depressed psychology, alcohol consumption, consumption of barbecued, puffed, and western fast food, and consumption of sugary or carbonated beverages and habits of not eating breakfast were the factors affecting their sleep quality (all P < 0.05). Conclusions The average length of sleep of Chinese fourth-grade primary school students has not reached 10 hours, but the self-assessed sleep quality is good. Different physical and mental factors and health behaviors have different effects on the duration and quality of sleep.
- Sleep quality /
- Sleep duration /
- Physical and psychological factors /
- Primary school students

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表 1 不同一般情况的学生自评睡眠质量的比较

Table 1. Comparison of self-rated sleep quality among school students with different general conditions

变量 Variable	睡眠质量好 ^① Students of good sleep ^①	睡眠质量差 ^① Students of bad sleep ^①	χ²值 value	P值 value	日均睡眠时间/h ^① Average daily sleep duration /h	t/F值 value	P值 value
性别 Gender			92.377	< 0.001		10.28	0.001
男 Male	10 712(86.65)	1 650(13.35)			9.29±1.06
女 Female	10 291(90.63)	1 064(9.37)			9.24±1.17
BMI分类 Classify/(kg·m^-2)			13.749	< 0.001		3.03	0.048
正常 Normal	15 948(88.99)	1 973(11.01)			9.27±1.10
超重 Overweight	29 75(87.09)	441(12.91)			9.23±1.17
肥胖 Obesity	20 80(87.39)	300(12.61)			9.23±1.20
吸烟 Smoking			83.287	< 0.001		0.35	0.555
有 Yes	2 620(96.54)	94(3.46)			9.30±1.78
无 No	20 747(98.78)	256(1.22)			9.26±1.11
饮酒 Drinking			295.824	< 0.001		89.03	< 0.001
有 Yes	3 875(81.46)	882(18.54)			9.13±1.29
无 No	17 128(90.34)	1 832(9.66)			9.30±1.07
自评健康等级 Self-rated health rating			1 100.000	< 0.001		17.90	< 0.001
很不好 Very poor	197(63.96)	111(36.04)			9.13±1.65
不太好 Poor	879(68.56)	403(31.44)			9.07±1.36
一般 Not so good	3 474(82.19)	753(17.81)			9.22±1.17
比较好 Good	6 213(90.34)	664(9.66)			9.25±1.05
很好 Very good	10 077(93.05)	753(6.95)			9.32±1.09
生病频率 Frequency of illness			771.677	< 0.001		41.77	< 0.001
从不 Never	3 013(92.03)	261(7.97)			9.32±1.13
很少 Seldom	12 060(91.29)	1 151(8.71)			9.31±1.07
有时 Sometimes	4 617(86.93)	782(13.07)			9.20±1.12
经常 Often	908(80.04)	339(19.96)			9.06±1.32
总是 Always	259(70.30)	156(29.70)			8.76±1.54
食用烧烤/膨化/西式快餐食品频率 Frequency of eating barbecue/puffing/western food			258.664	< 0.001		72.28	< 0.001
从不 Never	3 435(90.59)	357(9.41)			9.44±1.13
很少 Seldom	11 173(90.02)	1 239(9.98)			9.30±1.07
有时 Sometimes	5 175(86.93)	778(13.07)			9.15±1.11
经常 Often	802(80.04)	200(19.96)			8.99±1.25
总是 Always	277(70.30)	117(29.70)			8.80±1.57
饮用含糖/碳酸饮料频率 Frequency of drinking consumption of sugar/carbonated beverages			354.428	< 0.001		91.67	< 0.001
从不 Never	2 707(90.87)	272(9.13)			9.46±1.10
很少 Seldom	10 438(90.66)	1 075(9.34)			9.32±1.06
有时 Sometimes	5 876(87.51)	839(12.49)			9.17±1.12
经常 Often	1 300(80.85)	308(19.15)			9.03±1.24
总是 Always	418(70.73)	173(29.27)			8.75±1.58
抑郁得分 Depression score			-0.063	< 0.001	9.26±1.12	14.08	< 0.001
注：①以人数(占比/%)或x±s表示。 Note: ① Number of people (proportion/%) or x±s.).

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表 2 学生睡眠时间影响因素的多元线性回归分析

Table 2. Multivariate regression analysis on sleep time among school students

自变量 Independent variable	非标准化β值 value (95% CI)	s_x	标准化β值 value	t值 value	P值 value
性别 Gender
男 Male	-0.001(-0.032~0.030)	0.016	0	-0.06	0.950
女 Female	0
BMI分类 Classify/(kg·m^-2)
正常 Normal	0
超重 Overweight	-0.044(-0.087~-0.001)	0.022	-0.014	-2.00	0.046
肥胖 Obesity	-0.059(-0.109~-0.008)	0.026	-0.016	-2.26	0.024
自评健康等级 Self-rated health rating
很不好 Very poor	0
不太好 Poor	-0.033(-0.181~0.115)	0.075	-0.007	-0.44	0.663
一般 Not so good	-0.010(-0.150~0.129)	0.071	-0.004	-0.15	0.885
比较好 Good	0.008(-0.131~0.147)	0.071	0.003	0.12	0.908
很好 Very good	0.032(-0.107~0.170)	0.071	0.014	0.45	0.655
生病频率 Frequency of illness
从不 Never	0
很少 Seldom	0.030(-0.016~0.076)	0.023	0.014	1.29	0.196
有时 Sometimes	-0.004(-0.058~0.050)	0.028	-0.002	-0.15	0.878
经常 Often	-0.087(-0.168~-0.006)	0.041	-0.018	-2.11	0.035
总是 Always	-0.321(-0.448~-0.193)	0.065	-0.037	-4.94	< 0.001
抑郁得分 Depression score	-0.004(-0.005~-0.003)	0.000	-0.072	-9.56	< 0.001
吸烟 Smoking
否 No	0
是 Yes	0.176(0.037~0.316)	0.071	0.018	2.48	0.013
饮酒 Drinking
否 No	0
是 Yes	-0.111(-0.150~-0.072)	0.020	-0.039	-5.61	< 0.001
食用烧烤/膨化/西式快餐食品频率 Frequency of eating barbecue/puffing/western food
从不 Never	0
很少 Seldom	-0.020(-0.065~0.025)	0.023	-0.009	-0.86	0.389
有时 Sometimes	-0.063(-0.116~-0.009)	0.027	-0.025	-2.30	0.021
经常 Often	-0.134(-0.223~-0.045)	0.046	-0.024	-2.95	0.003
总是 Always	-0.183(-0.318~-0.047)	0.069	-0.021	-2.65	0.008
饮用含糖/碳酸饮料频率 Frequency of drinking consumption of sugar/carbonated beverages
从不 Never	0
很少 Seldom	-0.092(-0.142~-0.043)	0.025	-0.042	-3.66	< 0.001
有时 Sometimes	-0.195(-0.251~-0.139)	0.028	-0.080	-6.86	< 0.001
经常 Often	-0.264(-0.342~-0.187)	0.040	-0.060	-6.67	< 0.001
总是 Always	-0.524(-0.642~-0.407)	0.060	-0.072	-8.74	< 0.001
吃早饭频率 Frequency of having breakfast
每天都吃 Everyday	0
偶尔不吃 Often	-0.137(-0.180~-0.094)	0.022	-0.044	-6.20	< 0.001
有时不吃 Sometimes	-0.008(-0.066~0.050)	0.030	-0.002	-0.27	0.787
经常不吃 Seldom	-0.155(-0.253~-0.057)	0.050	-0.022	-3.11	0.002
几乎从来不吃 Never	-0.025(-0.131~0.080)	0.054	-0.003	-0.47	0.638

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表 3 学生睡眠质量影响因素的多因素logistic回归分析模型

Table 3. Multivariate logistic regression analysis on sleep time among school students

变量 Variable	OR值 value (95% CI)	P值 value
性别 Gender
女 Female	1.000
男 Male	1.329(1.203~1.467)	< 0.001
BMI分类 Classify/(kg·m^-2)
正常 Normal	1.000
超重 Overweight	1.092(0.956~1.248)	0.194
肥胖 Obesity	0.986(0.841~1.155)	0.858
自评健康等级 Self-rated health rating
很不好 Very poor	1.000
不太好 Poor	1.006(0.726~1.393)	0.971
一般 Not so good	0.662(0.484~0.903)	0.009
比较好 Good	0.436(0.318~0.597)	< 0.001
很好 Very good	0.361(0.264~0.495)	< 0.001
生病频率 Frequency of illness
从不 Never	1.000
很少 Seldom	0.961(0.813~1.136)	0.639
有时 Sometimes	1.148(0.956~1.379)	0.138
经常 Often	1.635(1.306~2.047)	< 0.001
总是 Always	2.012(1.485~2.726)	< 0.001
抑郁得分 Depression score	1.024(1.022~1.026)	< 0.001
吸烟 Smoking
否 No	1.000
是 Yes	1.026(0.722~1.457)	0.887
饮酒 Drinking
否 No	1.000
是 Yes	1.429(1.281~1.595)	< 0.001
食用烧烤/膨化/西式快餐食品频率 Frequency of eating barbecue/puffing/western food
从不 Never	1.000
很少 Seldom	1.023(0.875~1.197)	0.776
有时 Sometimes	1.048(0.879~1.249)	0.600
经常 Often	1.141(0.885~1.469)	0.309
总是 Always	1.412(1.012~1.970)	0.042
饮用含糖/碳酸饮料频率 Frequency of drinking consumption of sugar/carbonated beverages
从不 Never	1.000
很少 Seldom	0.860(0.725~1.020)	0.084
有时 Sometimes	0.944(0.785~1.135)	0.540
经常 Often	1.136(0.902~1.430)	0.278
总是 Always	1.623(1.205~2.185)	0.001
吃早饭频率 Frequency of having breakfast
每天都吃 Everyday	1.000
偶尔不吃 Often	1.532(1.354~1.734)	< 0.001
有时不吃 Sometimes	1.620(1.387~1.893)	< 0.001
经常不吃 Seldom	1.662(1.292~2.137)	< 0.001
几乎从来不吃 Never	1.744(1.326~2.294)	< 0.001

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变量 Variable	睡眠质量好 ^① Students of good sleep ^①	睡眠质量差 ^① Students of bad sleep ^①	χ²值 value	P值 value	日均睡眠时间/h ^① Average daily sleep duration /h	t/F值 value	P值 value
性别 Gender			92.377	< 0.001		10.28	0.001
男 Male	10 712(86.65)	1 650(13.35)			9.29±1.06
女 Female	10 291(90.63)	1 064(9.37)			9.24±1.17
BMI分类 Classify/(kg·m^-2)			13.749	< 0.001		3.03	0.048
正常 Normal	15 948(88.99)	1 973(11.01)			9.27±1.10
超重 Overweight	29 75(87.09)	441(12.91)			9.23±1.17
肥胖 Obesity	20 80(87.39)	300(12.61)			9.23±1.20
吸烟 Smoking			83.287	< 0.001		0.35	0.555
有 Yes	2 620(96.54)	94(3.46)			9.30±1.78
无 No	20 747(98.78)	256(1.22)			9.26±1.11
饮酒 Drinking			295.824	< 0.001		89.03	< 0.001
有 Yes	3 875(81.46)	882(18.54)			9.13±1.29
无 No	17 128(90.34)	1 832(9.66)			9.30±1.07
自评健康等级 Self-rated health rating			1 100.000	< 0.001		17.90	< 0.001
很不好 Very poor	197(63.96)	111(36.04)			9.13±1.65
不太好 Poor	879(68.56)	403(31.44)			9.07±1.36
一般 Not so good	3 474(82.19)	753(17.81)			9.22±1.17
比较好 Good	6 213(90.34)	664(9.66)			9.25±1.05
很好 Very good	10 077(93.05)	753(6.95)			9.32±1.09
生病频率 Frequency of illness			771.677	< 0.001		41.77	< 0.001
从不 Never	3 013(92.03)	261(7.97)			9.32±1.13
很少 Seldom	12 060(91.29)	1 151(8.71)			9.31±1.07
有时 Sometimes	4 617(86.93)	782(13.07)			9.20±1.12
经常 Often	908(80.04)	339(19.96)			9.06±1.32
总是 Always	259(70.30)	156(29.70)			8.76±1.54
食用烧烤/膨化/西式快餐食品频率 Frequency of eating barbecue/puffing/western food			258.664	< 0.001		72.28	< 0.001
从不 Never	3 435(90.59)	357(9.41)			9.44±1.13
很少 Seldom	11 173(90.02)	1 239(9.98)			9.30±1.07
有时 Sometimes	5 175(86.93)	778(13.07)			9.15±1.11
经常 Often	802(80.04)	200(19.96)			8.99±1.25
总是 Always	277(70.30)	117(29.70)			8.80±1.57
饮用含糖/碳酸饮料频率 Frequency of drinking consumption of sugar/carbonated beverages			354.428	< 0.001		91.67	< 0.001
从不 Never	2 707(90.87)	272(9.13)			9.46±1.10
很少 Seldom	10 438(90.66)	1 075(9.34)			9.32±1.06
有时 Sometimes	5 876(87.51)	839(12.49)			9.17±1.12
经常 Often	1 300(80.85)	308(19.15)			9.03±1.24
总是 Always	418(70.73)	173(29.27)			8.75±1.58
抑郁得分 Depression score			-0.063	< 0.001	9.26±1.12	14.08	< 0.001
注：①以人数(占比/%)或x±s表示。 Note: ① Number of people (proportion/%) or x±s.).

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中国四年级学生的睡眠状况及身心影响因素

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2024.08.005

通讯作者:
汪媛，E-mail: wangyuan@ncncd.chinacdc.cn

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Sleep status of Chinese fourth-grade primary school students and its physical and psychological factors

Corresponding author: WANG Yuan, E-mail: wangyuan@ncncd.chinacdc.cn

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留言板

中国四年级学生的睡眠状况及身心影响因素

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2024.08.005

通讯作者: 汪媛，E-mail: wangyuan@ncncd.chinacdc.cn

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出版历程

Sleep status of Chinese fourth-grade primary school students and its physical and psychological factors

Corresponding author: WANG Yuan, E-mail: wangyuan@ncncd.chinacdc.cn

计量

出版历程

目录

通讯作者:
汪媛，E-mail: wangyuan@ncncd.chinacdc.cn