学生感知老师关怀行为与抑郁的关联研究

朱宇; 李静; 刘芳; 吴阳培; 陈淑君; 李白坤

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2024.08.018

学生感知老师关怀行为与抑郁的关联研究

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2024.08.018

朱宇¹,
李静²,
刘芳²,
吴阳培³,
陈淑君³,
李白坤^{2, 3, ,}

1.
安徽中医药大学护理学院临床护理系, 合肥 230012
2.
安徽中医药大学中西医结合学院公共卫生与病原生物学系, 合肥 230012
3.
安徽中医药大学中医学院方药系, 合肥 230012

基金项目:

安徽高校科学研究项目 SK2020A0236

安徽高校科学研究项目 2022AH050519

安徽高校科学研究项目 2022AH050423

安徽中医药大学科学研究项目 2020zryb05

详细信息

通讯作者:
李白坤，E-mail：libai526@ahtcm.edu.cn

中图分类号: G444;R395.6
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-04-03
- 修回日期: 2024-07-19
- 网络出版日期: 2024-09-29
- 刊出日期: 2024-08-10

Association between perceived teacher caring behaviors and depression among students

ZHU Yu¹,
LI Jing²,
LIU Fang²,
WU Yangpei³,
CHEN Shujun³,
LI Baikun^{2, 3
, ,}

1.
Department of Clinical Nursing, Nursing School, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
2.
Department of Public Health and Pathogenic Biology, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
3.
Department of Chinese Formulas and Pharmacology, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China

Funds:

Anhui University Scientific Research Project SK2020A0236

Anhui University Scientific Research Project 2022AH050519

Anhui University Scientific Research Project 2022AH050423

Scientific Research Project of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine 2020zryb05

More Information

Corresponding author: LI Baikun, E-mail: libai526@ahtcm.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨学生感知老师关怀行为与抑郁的关联程度，为高等教育环境中的心理健康卫生政策制定提供策略。方法本研究采用多级随机抽样方法纳入10所高校的9 389名学生，调查学生感知老师关怀行为和学生抑郁情况，以学校、年级、性别进行1∶1个体匹配，为患有抑郁的学生选取健康对照。使用Spearman等级相关分析和条件logistic回归分析模型分析学生感知老师关怀行为与轻度抑郁、中度抑郁风险的关联。结果在轻度抑郁及其配对的2 192对学生中，男性有555对(25.3%)；在中度抑郁及其配对的635对学生中，男性有147对(23.1%)；抑郁学生报告的感知老师关怀行为程度低于各自的健康对照组(Z_轻度=-13.497; Z_中度=-12.598, 均P＜0.001)。条件logistic回归分析模型分析显示，学生感知老师关怀行为是轻度抑郁(OR=0.810, 95% CI：0.752~0.873)和中度抑郁(OR=0.603, 95% CI：0.490~0.742)的保护因素(均P＜0.001)。结论学生感知老师关怀行为高有助于降低学生抑郁水平，高校应积极制定和实施针对性的公共卫生策略，以促进学生的心理健康。
- 大学生 /
- 抑郁 /
- 关怀行为 /
- 病例对照研究 /
- 健康管理
Abstract: Objective To investigate the degree of association between students′ perceived teacher caring behaviors and depression, and to provide strategies for the formulation of mental health policies in higher education environments. Methods This study employed a multi-level random sampling approach to recruit 9 389 students across 10 universities. A survey was administered to evaluate the students′ perceived teacher caring behaviors as well as their depression status. Subsequently, a 1∶1 individual matching was implemented, taking into account school, grade, and gender, to identify healthy controls for the students exhibiting signs of depression. Spearman rank correlation analysis and Conditional logistic regression analysis model were used to analyze association between students′ perceived teacher caring behaviors and the risk of mild depression and moderate depression. Results Among the 2 192 pairs of students with mild depression and healthy control, 555 pairs (25.3%) were male; among the 635 pairs with moderate depression and healthy control, 147 pairs (23.1%) were male. Students with depression reported lower levels of perceived teacher caring behaviors compared to their healthy controls (Z_mild=-13.497, Z_moderate = -12.598, P < 0.001). Conditional logistic regression analysis revealed that perceived teacher caring behaviors were protective factors against mild depression (OR=0.810, 95% CI: 0.752-0.873) and moderate depression (OR=0.603, 95% CI: 0.490-0.742). Conclusions High levels of students′ perceived teacher caring behaviors contribute to reducing depression among students. Universities should actively develop and implement targeted public health strategies to promote students′ mental health.
- University students /
- Depression /
- Caring behaviour /
- Case-control study /
- Health management

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表 1 不同健康状态学生的人口学特征

Table 1. Demographic characteristics of students with different health statuses

变量Variable	轻度抑郁 Mild depression				中度抑郁Moderate depression
变量Variable	病例组 Case group ^① (n=2 192)	对照组 Control group ^① (n=2 192)	χ²值 value	P值 value	病例组 Case group ^① (n=635)	对照组 Control group ^① (n=635)	χ²值 value	P值 value
民族Nationality			―	0.500			―	0.146
汉族Han nationality	2 018(92.1)	2 030(92.6)			576(90.7)	590(92.9)
其他Other	174(7.9)	162(7.4)			59(9.3)	45(7.1)
专业Major			―	0.722			―	0.401
中医Chinese medicine	1 272(58.0)	1 260(57.5)			349(55.0)	363(57.2)
其他Other	920(42.0)	932(42.5)			286(45.0)	272(42.8)
个人状态Personal status			―	0.680			―	0.150
单身Single	1 452(66.2)	1 438(65.6)			396(62.4)	422(66.5)
其他Other	740(33.8)	754(34.4)			239(37.6)	213(33.5)
性格Personality			45.973	＜0.001			13.858	0.003
内向Introverted	782(35.7)	593(27.0)			245(38.6)	188(29.6)	13.858	0.003
中向Ambiverted	1 060(48.3)	1 139(52.0)			306(48.2)	329(51.8)
外向Extroverted	350(16.0)	460(21.0)			84(13.2)	118(18.6)
吸烟Smoking			―	＜0.001			―	＜0.001
是Yes	265(12.1)	145(6.6)			83(13.1)	31(4.9)
否No	1 927(87.9)	2 047(93.4)			552(86.9)	604(95.1)
饮酒Drinking			―	＜0.001			―	＜0.001
是Yes	914(41.7)	774(30.7)			279(43.9)	159(25.0)
否No	1 278(58.3)	1 518(69.3)			356(56.1)	476(75.0)
学习成绩Academic performance			76.273	＜0.001			47.461	＜0.001
较好Good	591(27.0)	803(36.6)			167(26.3)	256(40.3)
中等Average	1 027(46.9)	1 005(45.8)			280(44.1)	279(43.9)
偏差Below average	574(26.2)	384(17.5)			188(29.6)	100(15.7)
同伴支持Peer support			916.963	＜0.001			400.534	＜0.001
低Low	1 147(52.3)	320(14.6)			447(70.4)	82(12.9)
中Medium	845(38.5)	803(36.6)			161(25.4)	214(33.7)
高High	200(9.1)	1 069(48.8)			27(4.3)	339(53.4)
注：“―”表示不适用。①以人数(占比/%)表示。 Note: "―" indicates inapplicable data.① Number of people (proportion/%).

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表 2 不同健康状态学生间感知老师关怀行为的比较

Table 2. Comparison of students′ perceived teacher caring behaviors across different health statuses

健康状态Health Status	总人数 Total	关怀行为Caring behavior
健康状态Health Status	总人数 Total	根本不关心 Not concerned at all ^①	很少关心 Seldom concerned ^①	一般 Average concern ^①	较关心 Relatively concerned ^①	很关心 Very concerned ^①	Z值 value	P值 value
轻度抑郁Mild depression							-13.497	＜0.001
病例组Case group	2 192	294(13.4)	473(21.6)	921(42.0)	323(14.7)	181(8.3)
对照组Control group	2 192	186(8.5)	307(14.0)	823(37.5)	445(20.3)	431(19.7)
中度抑郁Moderate depression							-12.597	＜0.001
病例组Case group	635	114(18.0)	148(23.3)	257(40.5)	84(13.2)	32(5.0)
对照组Control group	635	46(7.2)	74(11.7)	219(34.5)	122(19.2)	174(27.4)
注：①以人数(占比/%)表示。 Note: ① Number of people (proportion/%).

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表 3 学生感知老师关怀行为与抑郁关联性的logistic回归分析

Table 3. Logistic regression analysis of the association between students′ perceived teacher caring behaviors and depression

分层变量 Stratified variable	模型 Model		轻度抑郁Mild depression			中度抑郁Moderate depression
分层变量 Stratified variable	模型 Model	β值 value	Wald χ²值 value	OR值value (95% CI)	P值 value	β值 value	Wald χ²值 value	OR值value (95% CI)	P值 value
整体Overall	1	-0.382	165.161	0.682(0.644~0.723)	＜0.001	-0.769	123.618	0.463(0.405~0.531)	＜0.001
整体Overall	2	-0.211	30.618	0.810(0.752~0.873)	＜0.001	-0.506	22.791	0.603(0.490~0.742)	＜0.001
性别Gender
男Male	1	-0.324	38.150	0.723(0.653~0.802)	＜0.001	-0.898	37.470	0.407(0.306~0.543)	＜0.001
男Male	2	-0.169	6.020	0.845(0.738~0.967)	0.014	-0.857	9.680	0.425(0.248~0.728)	0.002
女Female	1	-0.408	128.452	0.665(0.619~0.713)	＜0.001	-0.726	84.470	0.484(0.414~0.565)	＜0.001
女Female	2	-0.226	23.870	0.798(0.729~0.874)	＜0.001	-0.424	12.139	0.655(0.516~0.831)	＜0.001
年级Grade
一年级First grade	1	-0.487	82.001	0.614(0.553~0.683)	＜0.001	-1.100	46.543	0.333(0.243~0.457)	＜0.001
一年级First grade	2	-0.339	22.069	0.713(0.619~0.821)	＜0.001	-1.424	16.137	0.241(0.120~0.482)	＜0.001
二年级Second grade	1	-0.296	37.526	0.743(0.676~0.817)	＜0.001	-0.553	30.443	0.575(0.473~0.700)	＜0.001
二年级Second grade	2	-0.135	4.665	0.874(0.773~0.988)	0.031	-0.240	1.952	0.787(0.562~1.101)	0.162
三年级Third grade	1	-0.363	39.533	0.696(0.621~0.779)	＜0.001	-0.726	32.736	0.484(0.377~0.621)	＜0.001
三年级Third grade	2	-0.191	6.750	0.826(0.716~0.954)	0.009	-0.246	1.243	0.782(0.508~1.205)	0.265
四年级和五年级Fourth and gifth grades	1	-0.425	9.510	0.654(0.499~0.856)	0.002	-1.305	9.803	0.271(0.120~0.614)	0.002
四年级和五年级Fourth and gifth grades	2	-0.325	2.726	0.723(0.492~1.063)	0.099	-1.828	0.711	0.161(0.002~11.261)	0.399
性格Personality
内向Introverted	1	-0.469	26.725	0.626(0.524~0.747)	＜0.001	-0.621	11.429	0.537(0.375~0.770)	0.001
内向Introverted	2	-0.303	7.549	0.739(0.595~0.917)	0.006	-0.593	3.672	0.553(0.301~1.014)	0.055
中向Ambiverted	1	-0.350	36.270	0.705(0.629~0.790)	＜0.001	-0.690	27.810	0.502(0.388~0.648)	＜0.001
中向Ambiverted	2	-0.095	1.550	0.909(0.783~1.056)	0.213	-0.401	4.168	0.669(0.455~0.984)	0.041
外向Extroverted	1	-0.189	1.729	0.828(0.625~1.097)	0.189	-2.670	2.568	0.069(0.003~1.814)	0.109
外向Extroverted	2	-0.185	0.746	0.831(0.546~1.265)	0.388	-0.435	0.023	0.647(0.002~168.913)	0.878
注：模型1，单因素分析；模型2，在模型1的基础上校正了民族、性格、吸烟、饮酒、个人状态、学习成绩和同伴支持。 Note: Model 1 is a univariate analysis; Model 2 is based on model 1, with adjustments for nationality, personality, smoking, drinking, personal status, academic performance, and peer support.

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参考文献(14)

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变量Variable	轻度抑郁 Mild depression				中度抑郁Moderate depression
变量Variable	病例组 Case group ^① (n=2 192)	对照组 Control group ^① (n=2 192)	χ²值 value	P值 value	病例组 Case group ^① (n=635)	对照组 Control group ^① (n=635)	χ²值 value	P值 value
民族Nationality			―	0.500			―	0.146
汉族Han nationality	2 018(92.1)	2 030(92.6)			576(90.7)	590(92.9)
其他Other	174(7.9)	162(7.4)			59(9.3)	45(7.1)
专业Major			―	0.722			―	0.401
中医Chinese medicine	1 272(58.0)	1 260(57.5)			349(55.0)	363(57.2)
其他Other	920(42.0)	932(42.5)			286(45.0)	272(42.8)
个人状态Personal status			―	0.680			―	0.150
单身Single	1 452(66.2)	1 438(65.6)			396(62.4)	422(66.5)
其他Other	740(33.8)	754(34.4)			239(37.6)	213(33.5)
性格Personality			45.973	＜0.001			13.858	0.003
内向Introverted	782(35.7)	593(27.0)			245(38.6)	188(29.6)	13.858	0.003
中向Ambiverted	1 060(48.3)	1 139(52.0)			306(48.2)	329(51.8)
外向Extroverted	350(16.0)	460(21.0)			84(13.2)	118(18.6)
吸烟Smoking			―	＜0.001			―	＜0.001
是Yes	265(12.1)	145(6.6)			83(13.1)	31(4.9)
否No	1 927(87.9)	2 047(93.4)			552(86.9)	604(95.1)
饮酒Drinking			―	＜0.001			―	＜0.001
是Yes	914(41.7)	774(30.7)			279(43.9)	159(25.0)
否No	1 278(58.3)	1 518(69.3)			356(56.1)	476(75.0)
学习成绩Academic performance			76.273	＜0.001			47.461	＜0.001
较好Good	591(27.0)	803(36.6)			167(26.3)	256(40.3)
中等Average	1 027(46.9)	1 005(45.8)			280(44.1)	279(43.9)
偏差Below average	574(26.2)	384(17.5)			188(29.6)	100(15.7)
同伴支持Peer support			916.963	＜0.001			400.534	＜0.001
低Low	1 147(52.3)	320(14.6)			447(70.4)	82(12.9)
中Medium	845(38.5)	803(36.6)			161(25.4)	214(33.7)
高High	200(9.1)	1 069(48.8)			27(4.3)	339(53.4)
注：“―”表示不适用。①以人数(占比/%)表示。 Note: "―" indicates inapplicable data.① Number of people (proportion/%).

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学生感知老师关怀行为与抑郁的关联研究

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2024.08.018

通讯作者:
李白坤，E-mail：libai526@ahtcm.edu.cn

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Association between perceived teacher caring behaviors and depression among students

Corresponding author: LI Baikun, E-mail: libai526@ahtcm.edu.cn

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学生感知老师关怀行为与抑郁的关联研究

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2024.08.018

通讯作者: 李白坤，E-mail：libai526@ahtcm.edu.cn

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Association between perceived teacher caring behaviors and depression among students

Corresponding author: LI Baikun, E-mail: libai526@ahtcm.edu.cn

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通讯作者:
李白坤，E-mail：libai526@ahtcm.edu.cn