不同年份安徽省60~69岁老年人体质特征对比分析

陈瑶; 陈炜; 孙朋; 陈沁怡; 马瑞; 刘文娟; 叶冬青; 范引光

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2024.09.005

不同年份安徽省60~69岁老年人体质特征对比分析

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2024.09.005

陈瑶^{1, 2},
陈炜^{1, 2},
孙朋^{1, 2},
陈沁怡^{1, 2},
马瑞^{1, 2},
刘文娟^{1, 2},
叶冬青^{4, 5},
范引光^{3, 4, ,}

1.
安徽省体育科学技术研究所科研中心，合肥 230001
2.
运动训练监控与评定国家体育总局重点实验室，合肥 230001
3.
安徽医科大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系，合肥 230032
4.
炎症免疫性疾病安徽省实验室，合肥 230032
5.
安徽理工大学公共卫生学院，淮南 232000

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划 2022YFC3600302

安徽省体育科学技术研究所研究项目 K2023114

详细信息

通讯作者:
范引光，E-mail：42214651@qq.com

中图分类号: R181
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-05-17
- 修回日期: 2024-08-19
- 网络出版日期: 2024-10-24
- 刊出日期: 2024-09-10

Comparative analysis of physical fitness of 60-69 years old people in Anhui Province in different years

CHEN Yao^{1, 2},
CHEN Wei^{1, 2},
SUN Peng^{1, 2},
CHEN Qinyi^{1, 2},
MA Rui^{1, 2},
LIU Wenjuan^{1, 2},
YE Dongqing^{4, 5},
FAN Yinguang^{3, 4
, ,}

1.
Scientific Research Center, Anhui Provincial Sports Science and Technology Research Institute, Hefei 230001, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Sports Training Monitoring and Evaluation, the China General Administration of Sport, Hefei 230091, China
3.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
4.
Inflamation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China
5.
School of Public Health, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232000, China

Funds:

National Key Research and Development Program Projects 2022YFC3600302

Research Project of Anhui Sports Science and Technology Institute K2023114

More Information

Corresponding author: FAN Yinguang, E-mail: 42214651@qq.com

摘要

摘要: 目的通过对比分析2014年和2020年安徽省60~69岁老年人体质特征的差异，为安徽省老年人体质干预提供基础数据和理论依据。方法采用多阶段抽样方法于2014年和2020年分别从安徽省16个地级市抽取6 168和5 462名60~69岁老年人，结合国民体质监测，在社区卫生服务中心对研究对象进行问卷调查和体质测试，采用多元线性回归分析控制混杂因素后，比较两个年份间指标变化。结果安徽省60~69岁老年人身体形态、身体机能和身体素质指标在性别、年龄、地区分布、城乡间差异均有统计学意义(均P < 0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示，相对于2014年，2020年安徽省老年人的握力(β=-0.677, 95% CI: -0.946~-0.411)有所下降，身高(β=1.278, 95% CI: 1.053~1.504)、体重(β=2.012, 95% CI: 1.697~2.354)、BMI(β=0.416, 95% CI: 0.295~0.538)、腰围(β=2.529, 95% CI: 2.172~2.885)、臀围(β=1.147, 95% CI: 0.856~1.438)、腰臀比(β=0.016, 95% CI: 0.014~0.019)、体脂率(β=0.423, 95% CI: 0.301~0.545)、闭眼单脚站立时长(β=0.157, 95% CI: 0.147~0.168)和选择反应时(β=0.031, 95% CI: 0.020~0.042)等在2020年均增加(均P < 0.001)。结论安徽省60~69岁老年人肥胖问题和神经冲动的传导速度及反应能力下降日趋严重，应开展有针对性的饮食和体育锻炼的指导，以减少老年人肥胖，提升其综合身体素质。
- 老年人 /
- 体质 /
- 对比分析
Abstract: Objective To understand the physical fitness difference of the elderly aged 60-69 years old between 2014 and 2020 in Anhui Province, to provide basic data and theoretical basis for physical fitness control and prevention. Methods A total of 6 168 and 5 462 elderly adults were selected from 16 cities in Anhui Province in 2014 and 2020 by multi-stage sampling method, respectively. A questionnaire survey and physical examination were conducted in community health service centers according to the national physical fitness monitoring. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to compared the change between 2014 and 2020 after controling confounding factors. Results The physical form, physical function and physical fitness indices of the elderly people aged 60-69 years old in Anhui province were different in various group including gender, age group, regional distribution and urban-rural area (all P < 0.05). The results of multiple linear regression showed that, compared to 2014, the grip strength of the elderly adults in Anhui Province decreased (β=-0.677, 95% CI: -0.946--0.411), while height (β=1.278, 95% CI: 1.053-1.504), weight (β=2.012, 95% CI: 1.697-2.354), BMI (β=0.416, 95% CI: 0.295-0.538), waist circumference (β=2.529, 95% CI: 2.172-2.885), hip circumference (β=1.147, 95% CI: 0.856-1.438), waist-to-hip ratio (β=0.016, 95% CI: 0.014-0.019), body fat percentage (β=0.423, 95% CI: 0.301-0.545), duration of one-leg standing with eyes closed (β=0.157, 95% CI: 0.147-0.168) and choice reaction time (β=0.031, 95% CI: 0.020-0.042) increased significantly in 2020 (all P < 0.001). Conclusions The increasing prevalence of obesity, impaired nerve conduction velocity, and diminished reaction capacity among the elderly population in Anhui Province is becoming a serious concern. Targeted diet and physical exercise guidance should be carried out to reduce obesity and improve comprehensive physical fitness of the elderly.
- Elderly adult /
- Physical fitness /
- Comparative analysis

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表 1 2014年和2020年安徽省老年人体质监测的一般情况

Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the elderly in the Anhui Provincial physical fitness surveillance, 2014 and 2020

变量 Variable	2014年year ^① (n=6 168)	2020年year ^① (n=5 462)	χ²值 value	P值 value
性别Gender			6.630	0.010
男性Male	3 070(49.77)	2 588(47.38)
女性Female	3 098(50.23)	2 874(52.62)
年龄组/岁Age group/years			2.886	0.089
60~ < 65	3 310(53.66)	3 017(55.24)
65~69	2 858(46.34)	2 445(44.76)
地区Region			5.181	0.075
皖北North of Anhui Province	2 410(39.07)	2 033(37.22)
皖中Middle of Anhui Province	2 332(37.81)	2 089(38.25)
皖南South of Anhui Province	1 426(23.12)	1 340(24.53)
城乡Urban and rural			6.021	0.014
乡村Rural	2 929(47.49)	2 197(45.14)
城镇Urban	3 239(55.51)	2 670(54.86)
注：①以人数(占比/%)表示。 Note: ① Number of people (proportion/%).

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表 2 2014年和2020年不同性别的老年人体质特征

Table 2. Physical characteristics of the elderly by gender in 2014 and 2020

变量 Variable	2014年year^① (n=6 168)		2020年year^① (n=5 462)		t₁/Z₁值 value	P值 value	t₂/Z₂值 value	P值 value
变量 Variable	男性Male (n=3 070)	女性Female (n=3 098)	男性Male (n=2 588)	女性Female (n=2 874)	t₁/Z₁值 value	P值 value	t₂/Z₂值 value	P值 value
形态指标Morphological indicator
身高Height/cm	165.42±5.97	155.12±5.64	166.40±6.09	156.20±6.42	6.067	< 0.001	6.866	< 0.001
体重Weight/kg	65.85±9.47	59.05±8.57	68.47±9.38	60.32±8.57	10.390	< 0.001	8.702	< 0.001
BMI/(kg·m^-2)	24.03±2.96	24.53±3.24	24.72±3.11	24.76±3.43	8.540	< 0.001	2.671	0.008
腰围Waist circumference/cm	86.93±8.78	85.71±9.12	90.53±9.54	87.35±9.99	14.642	< 0.001	6.597	< 0.001
臀围Hip circumference/cm	94.81±6.92	95.15±6.84	97.04±8.42	95.30±8.35	10.707	< 0.001	0.729	0.462
腰臀比Waist-to-hip ratio	0.92±0.06	0.90±0.07	0.93±0.07	0.92±0.08	9.839	< 0.001	8.910	< 0.001
体脂率Body fat percentage/%	21.09±7.68	39.99±8.66	23.37±6.17	31.01±6.59	12.318	< 0.001	45.259	< 0.001
机能指标Functionality indicator
肺活量Vital capacity/mL	2 410.92±721.49	1 797.20±550.18	2 320.27±668.76	1 932.95±546.20	4.879	< 0.001	2.500	0.012
素质指标Quality indicator
握力Grip strength/kg	36.17±8.15	23.24±5.38	33.72±8.16	24.06±5.90	11.251	< 0.001	5.580	< 0.001
坐位体前屈Sit and reach/cm	2.00(-3.00, 7.00)	6.70(1.50, 12.25)	4.90(0.40, 10.20)	7.10(2.40, 12.70)	14.769	< 0.001	3.732	< 0.001
闭眼单脚站立时长Duration of one-leg standing with eyes closed/s	5.10(4.00, 9.00)	5.00(3.00, 8.00)	8.70(5.80, 12.30)	8.10(5.40, 12.10)	21.357	< 0.001	25.953	< 0.001
选择反应时Choice reaction time/s	0.74±0.32	0.78±0.33	0.79±0.23	0.81±0.25	6.480	< 0.001	3.094	0.002
注：t₁/Z₁，2014年和2020年男性指标间比较；t₂/Z₂，2014年和2020年女性指标间比较。 ①以x±s或M(P₂₅, P₇₅)表示。 Note: t₁/Z₁, indices of male compared between 2014 and 2020; t₂/Z₂, indices of female compared between 2014 and 2020. ① x±s or M(P₂₅, P₇₅).

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表 3 2014年和2020年不同年龄组的老年人体质特征

Table 3. Physical characteristics of the elderly by age in 2014 and 2020

变量 Variable	2014年year^① (n=6 168)		2020年year^① (n=5 462)		t₁/Z₁值 value	P值 value	t₂/Z₂值 value	P值 value
变量 Variable	60~ < 65岁years (n=3 310)	65~69岁years (n=2 858)	60~ < 65岁years (n=3 017)	65~69岁years (n=1 445)	t₁/Z₁值 value	P值 value	t₂/Z₂值 value	P值 value
形态指标Morphological indicator
身高Height/cm	161.57±7.69	159.89±7.83	161.37±8.07	160.60±7.06	4.087	< 0.001	3.278	0.001
体重Weight/kg	62.79±9.54	62.03±9.77	64.01±9.91	64.40±9.76	4.980	< 0.001	8.796	< 0.001
BMI/(kg·m^-2)	24.32±3.08	24.23±3.16	24.57±3.29	24.95±3.27	3.044	0.002	8.215	< 0.001
腰围Waist circumference/cm	86.29±8.86	86.35±9.10	88.26±10.03	89.59±9.71	8.287	< 0.001	12.435	< 0.001
臀围Hip circumference/cm	95.21±6.69	94.72±7.08	95.82±8.39	96.49±8.46	3.179	0.001	8.159	< 0.001
腰臀比Waist-to-hip ratio	0.90±0.06	0.91±0.07	0.92±0.08	0.93±0.07	8.870	< 0.001	9.458	< 0.001
体脂率Body fat percentage/%	30.42±12.21	30.79±12.84	27.27±7.44	27.57±7.44	12.487	< 0.001	11.331	< 0.001
机能指标Functionality indicator
肺活量Vital capacity/mL	2 123.63±712.07	2 078.33±708.66	2 104.55±664.21	2 016.28±639.20	1.098	0.272	3.330	0.001
素质指标Quality indicator
握力Grip strength/kg	30.13±9.59	29.15±9.27	29.14±8.69	28.09±8.36	4.318	< 0.001	4.337	< 0.001
坐位体前屈Sit and reach/cm	4.10(-1.00, 10.30)	4.00(-0.80, 9.50)	6.10(1.40, 11.50)	6.00(1.30, 11.40)	9.458	< 0.001	9.629	< 0.001
闭眼单脚站立时长Duration of one-leg standing with eyes closed/s	5.10(4.00, 9.00)	5.00(3.00, 8.00)	8.60(5.70, 12.40)	8.20(5.40, 12.00)	24.431	< 0.001	22.518	< 0.001
选择反应时Choice reaction time/s	0.75±0.32	0.77±0.33	0.78±0.23	0.82±0.26	3.821	< 0.001	6.058	< 0.001
注：t₁/Z₁，2014年和2020年60~ < 65岁人群指标间比较；t₂/Z₂，2014年和2020年65~69岁人群指标间比较。 ①以x±s或M(P₂₅, P₇₅)表示。 Note: t₁/Z₁, indices of male compared between 2014 and 2020; t₂/Z₂, indices of female compared between 2014 and 2020. ① x±s or M(P₂₅, P₇₅).

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表 4 2014年和2020年不同地区的老年人体质特征

Table 4. Physical characteristics of the elderly by different regions in 2014 and 2020

变量 Variable		2014年year^①(n=6 168)
变量 Variable		皖北 North of Anhui Province (n=2 410)		皖中 Middle of Anhui Province (n=2 332)	皖南 South of Anhui Province (n=1 426)
形态指标Morphological indicator
身高Height/cm		160.38±7.78		159.70±7.78	160.90±7.64
体重Weight/kg		62.56±9.49		61.82±10.01	63.24±9.23
BMI/(kg·m^-2)		24.28±3.03		24.20±3.32	24.39±2.91
腰围Waist circumference/cm		85.25±9.05		86.56±9.26	87.72±8.13
臀围Hip circumference/cm		94.48±6.90		95.19±7.04	95.49±6.49
腰臀比Waist-to-hip ratio		0.90±0.07		0.91±0.06	0.92±0.06
体脂率Body fat percentage/%		29.30±12.06		31.07±13.06	31.99±12.13
机能指标Functionality indicator
肺活量Vital capacity/mL		2 120.53±682.41		2 061.68±701.33	2 139.42±768.04
素质指标Quality indicator
握力Grip strength/kg		30.61±10.12		28.79±9.24	29.56±8.43
坐位体前屈Sit and reach/cm		3.30(-1.70, 9.70)		3.80(-1.80, 10.00)	5.10(1.40, 10.70)
闭眼单脚站立时长Duration of one-leg standing with eyes closed/s		5.00(3.00, 8.00)		5.00(3.00, 9.00)	5.00(3.00, 8.00)
选择反应时Choice reaction time/s		0.69±0.27		0.82±0.37	0.78±0.31

变量 Variable	2020年year^① (n=5 462)			t₁/Z₁值 value	t₂/Z₂值 value	t₃/Z₃值 value
变量 Variable	皖北 North of Anhui Province (n=2 033)	皖中 Middle of Anhui Province (n=2 089)	皖南 South of Anhui Province (n=1 340)	t₁/Z₁值 value	t₂/Z₂值 value	t₃/Z₃值 value
形态指标Morphological indicator
身高Height/cm	160.59±8.39	161.95±7.80	160.26±7.86	0.846	9.558 ^②	2.171 ^②
体重Weight/kg	65.09±9.78	64.52±9.96	62.28±9.49	8.722 ^②	8.965 ^②	2.701 ^②
BMI/(kg·m^-2)	25.24±3.34	24.59±3.33	24.21±3.00	9.981 ^②	3.840 ^②	1.601
腰围Waist circumference/cm	91.32±9.81	88.64±9.27	85.44±9.97	21.273 ^②	7.438 ^②	6.571 ^②
臀围Hip circumference/cm	97.54±8.80	96.49±7.77	93.39±8.19	12.740 ^②	5.771 ^②	7.462 ^②
腰臀比Waist-to-hip ratio	0.94±0.08	0.92±0.07	0.91±0.06	16.125 ^②	5.297 ^②	1.922
体脂率Body fat percentage/%	27.88±7.84	26.93±7.44	27.44±6.76	4.717 ^②	13.095 ^②	12.273 ^②
机能指标Functionality indicator
肺活量Vital capacity/mL	1 917.07±633.67	2 182.54±570.32	2 104.06±757.42	10.207 ^②	6.289 ^②	1.214
素质指标Quality indicator
握力Grip strength/kg	27.25±8.46	29.21±8.16	29.98±8.99	11.987	1.616	1.271
坐位体前屈Sit and reach/cm	6.70(2.40, 12.10)	4.50(0.60, 10.40)	6.80(2.00, 11.80)	13.086 ^②	5.216 ^②	4.450 ^②
闭眼单脚站立时长Duration of one-leg standing with eyes closed/s	7.10(4.30, 11.20)	8.90(6.80, 12.30)	9.15(5.60, 13.30)	12.153 ^②	24.090 ^②	21.999 ^②
选择反应时Choice reaction time/s	0.92±0.29	0.73±0.18	0.73±0.16	25.968 ^②	10.414 ^②	5.204 ^②
注：t₁/Z₁，皖北地区2014年与2020年比较；t₂/Z₂：皖中地区2014年与2020年比较；t₃/Z₃：皖南地区2014年与2020年比较。 ①以x±s或M(P₂₅, P₇₅)表示；② P < 0.05。 Note: t₁/Z₁, indices of participants in the north of Anhui Province compared between 2014 and 2020；t₂/Z₂, indices of participants in center Anhui Province compared between 2014 and 2020; t₂/Z₂, indices of participants in the south of Anhui Province compared between 2014 and 2020. ① x±s or M(P₂₅, P₇₅); ② P < 0.05.

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表 5 2014年和2020年城乡的老年人体质特征

Table 5. Physical characteristics of the elderly between rural and urban in 2014 and 2020

变量 Variable	2014年year^① (n=6 168)		2020年year^① (n=5 462)		t₁/Z₁值 value	P值 value	t₂/Z₂值 value	P值 value
变量 Variable	乡村Rural (n=2 929)	城镇Urban (n=3 239)	乡村Rural (n=2 197)	城镇Urban (n=2 670)	t₁/Z₁值 value	P值 value	t₂/Z₂值 value	P值 value
形态指标Morphological indicator
身高Height/cm	159.65±7.87	160.78±7.62	159.95±8.18	162.11±7.78	1.314	0.189	6.606	< 0.001
体重Weight/kg	61.48±9.75	63.30±9.48	63.88±10.05	64.49±9.80	8.591	< 0.001	4.744	< 0.001
BMI/(kg·m^-2)	24.09±3.23	24.45±2.99	24.96±3.43	24.52±3.23	9.212	< 0.001	0.960	0.337
腰围Waist circumference/cm	86.45±9.30	86.19±8.67	88.50±9.67	89.20±10.30	7.681	< 0.001	11.945	< 0.001
臀围Hip circumference/cm	94.73±7.23	95.22±6.53	95.17±8.30	96.97±8.81	1.979	0.048	8.524	< 0.001
腰臀比Waist-to-hip ratio	0.91±0.07	0.90±0.06	0.93±0.07	0.92±0.07	9.328	< 0.001	8.431	< 0.001
体脂率Body fat percentage/%	31.21±13.29	30.03±11.73	27.80±7.45	26.79±7.51	11.636	< 0.001	12.801	< 0.001
机能指标Functionality indicator
肺活量Vital capacity/mL	2 062.23±697.20	2 139.15±721.02	2 048.75±635.51	2 080.31±659.92	0.718	0.473	3.246	0.001
素质指标Quality indicator
握力Grip strength/kg	29.18±9.43	30.12±9.46	27.89±7.83	29.21±8.94	5.318	< 0.001	3.762	< 0.001
坐位体前屈Sit and reach/cm	4.00(-0.98，10.00)	4.10(-1.00，10.80)	6.00(1.50, 11.30)	6.00(1.30, 11.50)	10.719	< 0.001	7.788	< 0.001
闭眼单脚站立时长Duration of one-leg standing with eyes closed/s	5.00(3.00, 8.00)	5.10(4.00, 9.00)	8.10(5.20, 11.80)	8.70(5.90, 12.20)	21.831	< 0.001	22.815	< 0.001
选择反应时Choice reaction time/s	0.82±0.35	0.71±0.29	0.82±0.24	0.78±0.23	0.302	0.749	9.951	< 0.001
注：t₁/Z₁，2014年和2020年男性指标间比较；t₂/Z₂，2014年和2020年女性指标间比较。 ①以x±s或M(P₂₅, P₇₅)表示。 Note: t₁/Z₁, indices of male compared between 2014 and 2020; t₂/Z₂, indices of female compared between 2014 and 2020. ① x±s or M(P₂₅, P₇₅).

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表 6 安徽省老年人不同年份体质特征的单因素和多元线性回归分析

Table 6. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis of physical fitness characteristics in elderly in Anhui Province across different years

变量 Variable	单因素分析Univariate analysis				多元线性回归分析 Multivariate linear regression analysis^①
变量 Variable	2014年year^② (n=6 168)	2020年year^① (n=4 867)	t值 value	P值 value	β值value (95% CI)	P值 value
身高Height/cm	160.23±7.76	161.03±8.07	5.301	< 0.001	1.278(1.053~1.504)	< 0.001
体重Weight/kg	62.44±9.65	24.74±3.28	9.633	< 0.001	2.012(1.697~2.354)	< 0.001
BMI/(kg·m^-2)	24.28±3.11	24.74±3.28	7.763	< 0.001	0.416(0.295~0.538)	< 0.001
腰围Waist circumference/cm	86.31±8.97	88.86±9.91	14.378	< 0.001	2.529(2.172~2.885)	< 0.001
臀围Hip circumference/cm	94.98±6.88	96.12±8.43	7.994	< 0.001	1.147(0.856~1.438)	< 0.001
腰臀比Waist-to-hip ratio	0.91±0.07	0.93±0.07	12.811	< 0.001	0.016(0.014~0.019)	< 0.001
体脂率Body fat percentage/%	28.26±6.45	29.14±6.38	7.404	< 0.001	0.423(0.301~0.545)	< 0.001
肺活量Vital capacity/mL	2 102.61±710.79	2 065.23±654.60	2.936	0.003	-16.200(-40.020~7.619)	0.183
握力Grip strength/kg	29.68±9.46	28.67±8.56	5.991	< 0.001	-0.677(-0.946~-0.411)	< 0.001
坐位体前屈Sit and reach/cm^③	4.00(-1.00, 10.00)	5.00(3.00, 8.00)	13.480	< 0.001	0.003(-0.015~0.022)	0.779
闭眼单脚站立时长Duration of one-leg standing with eyes closed/s^③	6.00(1.40, 11.50)	8.40(5.50, 12.20)	33.326	< 0.001	0.157(0.147~0.168)	< 0.001
选择反应时Choice reaction time/s	0.76±0.33	0.80±0.24	6.676	< 0.001	0.031(0.020~0.042)	< 0.001
注：①以x±s或M(P₂₅, P₇₅)表示；②控制性别、年龄、地区分布、城乡4个变量；③对数转换为正态分布后进行多元线性回归分析。 Note: ① x±s or M(P₂₅, P₇₅); ② Control gender, age, region, urban and rural; ③ Multiple linear regression analysis was performed after the variable log-transformed to normal distribution.

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