A study on the influence of social support factors on life satisfaction of the elderly in Taizhou City
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摘要:
目的 探索泰州市社会支持因素对老年人生活满意度的影响, 为推进积极老龄化提供科学依据。 方法 基于2021年泰州市老年人健康管理的一项横断面调查研究, 整理老年人社会支持因素及生活满意度评分。采用χ2检验、主成分分析(categorical principal components analysis, CATPCA)及多因素logistic回归分析模型分析社会支持因素对老年人生活满意度的影响。 结果 泰州市老年人生活满意度水平为76.3%。CATPCA提取社会支持因素变量为8个公因子, 贡献率达78.02%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示, 养老资金保障、养老子女支持、劳动收入及健康负担保障因素对老年人生活满意度有正向影响, OR值分别为1.254(95% CI: 1.116~1.409, P<0.001)、1.559(95% CI: 1.424~1.707, P < 0.001)、1.132(95% CI: 1.042~1.229, P=0.003)和1.281(95% CI: 1.115~1.472, P<0.001)。 结论 泰州市老年人生活满意度总体水平较高。良好的养老资金保障、养老子女支持、劳动收入及健康负担保障对老年人生活满意度有积极的影响。 Abstract:Objective To explore the effects of social support factors on life satisfaction of the elderly in Taizhou City, so as to provide a scientific basis for promoting healthy aging. Methods Level of social support factors and life satisfaction in the elderly were investigated based a cross-sectional survey study of health management of the elderly in Taizhou City in 2021. One-way chi-square test, categorical principal components analysis (CATPCA), and multi-factor logistic regression model were used to analyze the effects of social support factors on life satisfaction in the elderly. Results The level of life satisfaction of the elderly in Taizhou City was 76.3%. The principal component factor analysis extracted the social support factor variables as 8 public factors with a contribution rate of 78.02%. The results of multi-factor logistic regression analysis showed that the pension fund security, support for elderly chidren, labor income, and health burden coverage had a positive effect on the life satisfaction of the elderly, with OR of 1.254 (95% CI: 1.116-1.409, P < 0.001), 1.559 (95% CI: 1.424-1.707, P < 0.001), 1.132 (95% CI: 1.042-1.229, P=0.003) and 1.281 (95% CI: 1.115-1.472, P < 0.001). Conclusions The overall level of life satisfaction of the elderly in Taizhou City is high. High pension fund security, support for elderly chidren, labor income, and health burden coverage have a positive impact on the life satisfaction in the elderly. -
Key words:
- The elderly /
- Life satisfaction /
- Social support
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表 1 研究对象基本特征
Table 1. The basic characteristics of research subjects including gender, age, educational level, marital status and occupation
特征 合计① (n=6 355) 生活满意度① χ2值 P值 低(n=1 505) 高(n=4 850) 性别 0.731 0.393 男 3 403(53.7) 792(23.3) 2 611(76.7) 女 2 931(46.3) 709(24.2) 2 222(75.8) 年龄组/岁 1.862 0.602 60~＜65 423(6.7) 89(21.0) 334(79.0) 65~＜75 4 010(63.8) 962(24.0) 3 048(76.0) 75~＜85 1 622(25.8) 382(23.6) 1 240(76.4) ≥85 231(3.7) 55(23.8) 176(76.2) 受教育水平 22.680 < 0.001 大专及以上 82(1.3) 21(25.6) 61(74.4) 高中/中专 420(6.7) 134(31.9) 286(68.1) 初中 1 533(24.6) 395(25.8) 1 138(74.2) 小学及以下 4 196(67.4) 942(22.4) 3 254(77.6) 婚姻状况 2.968 0.397 已婚 4 927(80.4) 1 164(23.6) 3 763(76.4) 未婚 175(2.9) 47(26.9) 128(73.1) 离婚/丧偶 1 007(16.5) 260(25.8) 747(74.2) 其他 12(0.2) 3(25.0) 9(75.0) 职业 217.186 < 0.001 农民 3 556(57.1) 767(21.6) 2 789(78.4) 家务 702(11.3) 99(14.1) 603(85.9) 个体户 149(2.4) 17(11.4) 132(88.6) 工人 948(15.2) 254(26.8) 694(73.2) 教师 76(1.2) 22(28.9) 54(71.1) 医务人员 52(0.8) 12(23.1) 40(76.9) 企业职工 535(8.6) 248(46.4) 287(53.6) 其他 214(3.4) 60(28.0) 154(72.0) 注：①以人数(占比/%)表示。 
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表 2 旋转后的因子载荷系数
Table 2. Rotated factor loading coefficients, which are calculated by using the maximum variance positive rotation method to reveal the characteristics of multiple choice with 8 common factors
变量 因子 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 行动不便时谁照顾 配偶 -0.050 0.872① -0.179 -0.039 -0.041 0.051 0.011 -0.021 子女 0.077 -0.539 0.605① -0.152 -0.117 -0.056 0.008 -0.031 志愿者/社区人员 -0.007 -0.129 -0.027 0.878① -0.031 0.070 -0.041 0.033 养老机构/敬老院人员 0.000 -0.082 0.006 -0.023 0.900① 0.025 0.017 0.075 目前养老方式 独自 0.072 -0.774① -0.349 0.172 0.077 -0.055 0.024 0.008 与配偶在一起 -0.052 0.862① -0.059 -0.065 -0.070 0.003 -0.001 -0.047 与子女在一起 0.064 0.007 0.846① -0.049 0.048 0.073 -0.061 -0.046 社区养老/养老机构/敬老院 0.008 -0.038 -0.027 0.010 0.044 -0.011 -0.015 0.984① 治疗疾病支付方式 城镇职工医疗保险 -0.920① 0.057 -0.110 -0.063 -0.019 -0.129 -0.044 -0.004 城乡居民基本医疗保险 0.879① -0.010 0.117 -0.047 -0.128 0.184 0.017 0.054 医疗救助/健康扶贫报销 0.073 -0.113 -0.165 0.487① 0.466 -0.115 -0.015 -0.120 商业医疗保险/全自费 0.017 -0.008 -0.010 -0.035 0.015 0.031 0.964① -0.017 养老资金来源 退休金 -0.883① 0.090 0.028 -0.007 -0.050 -0.108 -0.032 0.020 子女供给 0.253 0.065 0.530① 0.209 -0.123 -0.250 0.283 0.053 养老保险/国家补贴 0.778① -0.031 -0.060 -0.014 0.110 -0.217 -0.078 -0.037 自己劳动收入 0.206 0.071 0.006 0.045 0.009 0.925① 0.032 -0.013 注：①为因子解释力度大的变量。
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表 3 老年人生活满意度的多因素logistic回归分析
Table 3. Results of multifactor logistic regression analysis of life satisfaction of older adults taking into account smoking, drinking, sleep time, annual household income, number of co-residents, whether see the offspring regularly, and the 8 common factors in Table 2
变量 β值 sx Wald值 OR值(95% CI) P值 吸烟 是 1.000 否 -0.195 0.108 3.235 0.823 (0.665~1.018) 0.072 饮酒 是 1.000 否 -0.198 0.108 3.368 0.820 (0.664~1.014) 0.066 睡眠时间/h ≥8 1.000 6~ < 8 -0.908 0.139 42.564 0.403 (0.307~0.530) < 0.001 4~ < 6 -0.746 0.149 25.092 0.474 (0.354~0.635) < 0.001 0~ < 4 -1.151 0.243 22.477 0.316 (0.196~0.509) < 0.001 家庭年收入/元 < 10 000 1.000 10 000~ < 30 000 -0.014 0.172 0.006 0.986 (0.704~1.383) 0.936 30 000~ < 50 000 -0.013 0.171 0.006 0.987 (0.705~1.380) 0.937 50 000~ < 100 000 -0.190 0.165 1.327 0.827 (0.598~1.143) 0.249 ≥100 000 -0.315 0.162 3.790 0.730 (0.531~1.002) 0.052 共同居住人数/人 1~5 1.000 6~10 0.342 0.119 8.206 1.408 (1.114~1.780) 0.004 ≥11 0.939 0.791 1.409 2.557 (0.543~12.05) 0.235 是否与子女经常见面 经常 1.000 否, 电话或微信联系 0.334 0.122 7.434 1.397 (1.098~1.776) 0.006 不经常 -0.097 0.168 0.332 0.908 (0.653~1.262) 0.564 F1(养老资金保障) 0.226 0.059 14.479 1.254 (1.116~1.409) < 0.001 F2(养老伴侣支持) 0.094 0.064 2.119 1.098 (0.968~1.246) 0.145 F3(养老子女支持) 0.444 0.046 92.589 1.559 (1.424~1.707) < 0.001 F4(养老帮扶) -0.050 0.047 1.109 0.951 (0.867~1.044) 0.292 F5(社区养老照顾) -0.060 0.050 1.458 0.942 (0.855~1.038) 0.227 F6(劳动收入) 0.124 0.042 8.670 1.132 (1.042~1.229) 0.003 F7(健康负担保障) 0.248 0.071 12.241 1.281 (1.115~1.472) < 0.001 F8(社区/机构养老) -0.029 0.037 0.598 0.972 (0.904~1.045) 0.440 注：模型调整了性别、年龄、受教育水平、婚姻状况以及职业因素。
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