基于寿命损失年的石家庄市空气质量健康指数构建

杜茜茜; 丁一珊; 陈思源; 陈凤格; 关茗洋; 李峰; 康慧; 王洋

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2025.03.012

基于寿命损失年的石家庄市空气质量健康指数构建

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2025.03.012

杜茜茜^{1, 2},
丁一珊^{1, 2},
陈思源^{1, 2},
陈凤格^{1, 2, 3, 4},
关茗洋^{1, 3, 4, ,},
李峰⁵,
康慧^{1, 3, 4},
王洋^{1, 4}

1.
石家庄市疾病预防控制中心公共卫生监测与评价科，石家庄 050011
2.
华北理工大学公共卫生学院，唐山 063210
3.
中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康研究基地(石家庄)，石家庄 050011
4.
河北省疑难病原研究重点实验室，石家庄 050011
5.
石家庄市卫生健康委员会，石家庄 050024

基金项目:

河北省医学科学研究课题计划 20240228

详细信息

通讯作者:
关茗洋，E-mail: gmyguan@qq.com

中图分类号: R122
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- 文章访问数: 27
- HTML全文浏览量: 16
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-09-11
- 修回日期: 2025-01-06
- 网络出版日期: 2025-04-11
- 刊出日期: 2025-03-10

Construction of air quality health index based on years of life lost in Shijiazhuang

DU Xixi^{1, 2},
DING Yishan^{1, 2},
CHEN Siyuan^{1, 2},
CHEN Fengge^{1, 2, 3, 4},
GUAN Mingyang^{1, 3, 4
, ,},
LI Feng⁵,
KANG Hui^{1, 3, 4},
WANG Yang^{1, 4}

1.
Department of Public Health Monitoring and Evaluation, Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
2.
School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
3.
Environment and Health Research Base of China Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Shijiazhuang), Shijiazhuang 050011, China
4.
Hebei Key Laboratory of Intractable Pathogens, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
5.
Shijiazhuang Municipal Health Commission, Shijiazhuang 050024, China

Funds:

Hebei Medical Science Research Project 20240228

More Information

Corresponding author: GUAN Mingyang, E-mail: gmyguan@qq.com

摘要

摘要: 目的掌握2017―2020年石家庄市大气污染物对居民寿命损失年(years of life lost, YLL)的影响，构建石家庄市空气质量健康指数(air quality health index, AQHI)。方法收集石家庄市2017―2020年大气污染物、气象因素以及居民死亡数据，利用标准寿命表计算每日YLL。采用广义相加模型评估大气污染物与每日YLL的暴露-反应关系，并通过主成分分析法构建大气污染物主成分。应用大气污染物主成分与每日YLL初步构建石家庄市AQHI，并比较AQHI与空气质量指数(air quality index, AQI)对居民YLL的影响。结果 2017―2020年石家庄市日均非意外YLL值为719.3人年。细颗粒物(fine particulate matter, PM_2.5)、可吸入颗粒物(inhalable particles, PM₁₀)、二氧化硫(sulfur dioxide, SO₂)、二氧化氮(nitrogen dioxide, NO₂)和臭氧(ozone, O₃)浓度每升高1 μg/m³，YLL增加量分别为0.270(95% CI: 0.002~0.538)、0.230(95% CI: 0.048~0.413)、2.383(95% CI: 1.068~3.698)、1.135(95% CI: 0.323~1.947)和-0.513(95% CI: -0.959~-0.066)。选取2个主成分(方差贡献率分别为66.61%和16.44%)构建AQHI，AQHI每增加1个四分位数间距，全人群、男性、女性、 < 65岁和≥65岁人群YLL分别增加28.848(95% CI: 9.309~48.386)、20.697(95% CI: 5.940~35.455)、8.150(95% CI: -1.791~18.092)、16.657(95% CI: 2.668~30.646)和12.190(95% CI: 1.455~22.926)人年，均高于AQI的YLL增加量。结论 2017―2020年石家庄市大气污染物PM_2.5、PM₁₀、SO₂、NO₂和O₃均对YLL存在影响。通过大气污染物主成分与每日YLL构建的AQHI可较好地评价空气污染对人群健康的影响。
- 空气污染 /
- 寿命损失年 /
- 空气质量健康指数 /
- 广义相加模型 /
- 主成分分析
Abstract: Objective To master the impact of air pollutants on years of life lost (YLL) for residents, and to construct the air quality health index (AQHI) in Shijiazhuang. Methods Air pollutants, meteorological, and resident mortality data were collected from 2017 to 2020 in Shijiazhuang, and the daily YLL were calculated using the standard life table. A generalized additive model was used to assess the exposure-response relationship between air pollutants and daily YLL, and the principal components of air pollutants were constructed by principal component analysis. The main components of air pollutants and daily YLL were used to construct AQHI in Shijiazhuang, and the effects of AQHI and the air quality index (AQI) on YLL were compared. Results From 2017 to 2020, the average daily non-accidental YLL in Shijiazhuang was 719.3 person-years. The YLL increased by 0.270 (95% CI: 0.002-0.538), 0.230 (95% CI: 0.048-0.413), 2.383 (95% CI: 1.068-3.698), 1.135 (95% CI: 0.323-1.947), and -0.513 (95% CI: -0.959-0.066) for each 1 μg/m³ increase in PM_2.5, PM₁₀, SO₂, NO₂, and O₃, respectively. Two principal components (66.61% and 16.44% of variance contribution) were selected to construct AQHI. For every 1 IQR increase in AQHI, the YLL of the whole population, male, female, < 65 years old and ≥65 years old increased by 28.848 (95% CI: 9.309-48.386), 20.697 (95% CI: 5.940-35.455), 8.150 (95% CI: -1.791-18.092), 16.657 (95% CI: 2.668-30.646) and 12.190 (95% CI: 1.455-22.926) person-years, respectively, which were higher than the AQI YLL increased. Conclusions The atmospheric pollutants PM_2.5, PM₁₀, SO₂, NO₂ and O₃ in Shijiazhuang affect YLL from 2017 to 2020. The AQHI constructed by the principal components of air pollutants and daily YLL can better evaluate the effect of air pollution on population health.
- Air pollution /
- Years of life lost /
- Air quality health index /
- Generalized additive model /
- Principal component analysis

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图 1 不同滞后天数大气污染物每上升1 μg/m³非意外YLL增加量

PM₁₀，可吸入颗粒物；PM_2.5，细颗粒物；SO₂，二氧化硫；NO₂，二氧化氮；O₃，臭氧；CO，一氧化碳；YLL，寿命损失年。

Figure 1. The generalized additive model was used to evaluate the impact of each 1 μg/m³ increase in different air pollutants on non-accidental YLL in Shijiazhuang from 2017 to 2020

PM₁₀, inhalable particles; PM_2.5, fine particulate matter; SO₂, sulfur dioxide; NO₂, nitrogen dioxide; O₃, ozone; CO, carbon monoxide; YLL, years of life lost.

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表 1 2017―2020年石家庄市每日YLL、大气污染物及气象数据基本情况

Table 1. The basic situation of daily YLL, air pollutants and meteorological data in Shijiazhuang from 2017 to 2020

指标Index	x±s	最小值Min	M(P₂₅, P₇₅)	最大值Max
每日YLL/人年YLL per day/person-year
非意外Not accidental	719.3±207.9	185.5	691.7(576.1, 833.0)	2 087.8
男性Male	456.4±150.8	71.5	439.0(350.8, 542.1)	1 351.9
女性Female	262.8±99.5	37.1	252.3(191.8, 320.4)	737.0
< 65岁years	321.6±134.6	0	301.9(224.0, 403.6)	1 025.2
≥65岁years	397.7±119.2	117.6	382.5(316.7, 466.6)	1 144.2
大气污染物Air pollutants/(μg·m^-3)
PM₁₀	127.9±78.9	21.0	107.0(74.0, 159.0)	619.0
PM_2.5	70.0±56.7	9.0	52.0(34.0, 83.5)	445.0
SO₂	21.1±17.3	4.0	16.0(10.0, 25.0)	153.0
NO₂	47.6±21.6	7.0	45.0(31.0, 60.0)	144.0
O₃	105.0±64.3	4.0	94.0(53.5, 152.0)	310.0
CO	1 160.5±718.4	200.0	1 000.0(800.0, 1 288.0)	8 257.0
气象因素Meteorological factors
日均气温Average daily temperature/℃	14.8±10.9	-7.4	15.7(4.6, 24.8)	33.7
相对湿度Relative humidity/%	54.8±20.1	7.0	54.0(39.0, 70.0)	100.0
注：YLL，寿命损失年；PM₁₀，可吸入颗粒物；PM_2.5，细颗粒物；SO₂，二氧化硫；NO₂，二氧化氮；O₃，臭氧；CO，一氧化碳。 Note: YLL, years of life lost; PM₁₀, inhalable particles; PM_2.5, fine particulate matter; SO₂, sulfur dioxide; NO₂, nitrogen dioxide; O₃, ozone; CO, carbon monoxide.

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表 2 2017―2020年石家庄市大气污染物与气象因素间Spearman秩相关系数

Table 2. Spearman-rank correlation coefficient between air pollutants and meteorological factors in Shijiazhuang from 2017 to 2020

指标 Index	PM₁₀/(μg·m^-3)	PM_2.5/(μg·m^-3)	SO₂/(μg·m^-3)	NO₂/(μg·m^-3)	O₃/ (μg·m^-3)	CO/(μg·m^-3)	日均气温 Average daily temperature/℃	相对湿度 Relative humidity/%
PM₁₀/(μg·m^-3)	1.00	0.89^①	0.65^①	0.73^①	-0.28^①	0.69^①	-0.39^①	-0.03
PM_2.5/(μg·m^-3)		1.00	0.52^①	0.64^①	-0.34^①	0.76^①	-0.44^①	0.24^①
SO₂/(μg·m^-3)			1.00	0.67^①	-0.14^①	0.53^①	-0.31^①	-0.41^①
NO₂/(μg·m^-3)				1.00	-0.47^①	0.61^①	-0.47^①	-0.12^①
O₃/ (μg·m^-3)					1.00	-0.42^①	0.85^①	-0.04
CO/(μg·m^-3)						1.00	-0.53^①	0.05
日均气温Average daily temperature/℃							1.00	0.14^①
相对湿度Relative humidity/%								1.00
注：PM₁₀，可吸入颗粒物；PM_2.5，细颗粒物；SO₂，二氧化硫；NO₂，二氧化氮；O₃，臭氧；CO，一氧化碳。 ① P＜0.05。 Note: PM₁₀, inhalable particles; PM_2.5, fine particulate matter; SO₂, sulfur dioxide; NO₂, nitrogen dioxide; O₃, ozone; CO, carbon monoxide. ① P＜0.05.

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表 3 大气污染物主成分分析成分载荷矩阵及方差贡献率

Table 3. Principal component analysis of air pollutants component load matrix and variance contribution rate

指标Index	Dim.1	Dim.2	Dim.3	Dim.4	Dim.5
PM₁₀/(μg·m^-3) lag 0 d	0.854	0.045	0.068	0.004	0.028
PM_2.5/(μg·m^-3) lag 0 d	0.838	0.031	0.061	0.048	0.022
O₃/(μg·m^-3) lag 0~3 d	0.326	0.633	0.014	0.027	―
NO₂/(μg·m^-3) lag 0~1 d	0.779	0.020	0.003	0.197	0.002
SO₂/(μg·m^-3) lag 0~2 d	0.534	0.092	0.372	0.002	―
方差贡献率 Variance contribution rate/%	66.61	16.44	10.35	5.57	1.03
累计方差贡献率 Cumulative variance contribution rate/%	66.61	83.05	93.40	98.97	100.00
注：“―”表示数据无法获取。 Note: "―" indicates that the data cannot be obtained.

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表 4 大气污染物主成分的分布特征以及对总人群非意外YLL的影响

Table 4. The minimum, quartile, maximum and YLL increase of principal components 1 and 2 of air pollutants

主成分 Principal component	人数 Number of people	最小值 Min	P₂₅	M	P₇₅	最大值 Max	YLL增加量/人年 YLL increases/person-year (95% CI)
Dim.1	1 461	-4.221 0	-1.738 7	-0.631 3	0.986 9	16.610 1	8.840(2.629~15.051)^①
Dim.2	1 461	-1.032 7	-0.506 2	-0.062 6	0.415 9	1.670 3	-18.374(-57.162~20.413)
注：YLL，寿命损失年。 ① P < 0.05。 Note: YLL, years of life lost. ① P < 0.05.

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表 5 石家庄市AQHI的分级标准

Table 5. Grading standards for AQHI in Shijiazhuang

健康风险级别Health risk level	AQHI	风险人群People at risk	普通人群The general population
低风险Low risk	0~3	正常参加室外活动 Participate in outdoor activities as normal	正常参加室外活动 Participate in outdoor activities as normal
中风险Medium risk	＞3~6	感到不适人群应减少室外活动 People who feel unwell should reduce outdoor activities	无需减少日常的室外活动 There is no need to reduce your daily outdoor activities
高风险High risk	＞6~10	老年、儿童和感到不适人群减少室外活动 Older people, children, and people who are feeling unwell reduce outdoor activities	若出现咳嗽、喉咙发炎等症状应减少室外活动 If you have symptoms such as cough and throat irritation, reduce outdoor activities
极高风险Extremely high risk	>10	老年、儿童和感到不适人群停止室外活动 Older people, children, and people who are feeling unwell should stop outdoor activities	所有人群避免室外活动 All groups of people avoid outdoor activities
注：AQHI，空气质量健康指数。 Note: AQHI, air quality health index.

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表 6 2017―2020年石家庄市AQHI和AQI基本描述

Table 6. Basic description of AQHI and AQI in Shijiazhuang from 2017 to 2020

指数 Index	最小值 Min	P₂₅	M	P₇₅	最大值 Max	IQR	达标天数 Number of days to meet the standard/d	达标率 Attainment rate/%	χ²值 value	P值 value
AQI	0	73	101	140	500	67	724	49.6	4.00	0.045
AQHI	1	3	4	5	14	2	670	45.9
注：达标率，AQHI和AQI中达标天数占总天数的比率；AQHI，空气质量健康指数；AQI，空气质量指数。 Note: Attainment rate, the ratio of the number of days to the total number of days in AQHI and AQI; AQHI, air quality health index; AQI, air quality index.

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表 7 2017―2020年石家庄市AQHI和AQI对不同人群非意外YLL的影响

Table 7. Effects of AQHI and AQI on non-accidental YLL in different populations in Shijiazhuang City from 2017 to 2020

指标Index	YLL增加量/人年YLL increases/person-year
指标Index	AQHI	R²	AQI	R²
全人群The whole population	28.848(9.309 ~ 48.386)^①	0.246	9.385(-3.975 ~ 22.744)	0.242
性别Gender
男Male	20.697(5.940 ~ 35.455)^①	0.183	9.709(-0.373 ~ 19.790)	0.180
女Female	8.150(-1.791 ~ 18.092)	0.148	-0.324(-7.112 ~ 6.465)	0.147
年龄组/岁Age group/years
< 65	16.657(2.668 ~ 30.646)^①	0.077	6.538(-3.017 ~ 16.094)	0.075
≥65	12.190(1.455 ~ 22.926)^①	0.307	2.846(-4.489 ~ 10.181)	0.305
注：YLL，寿命损失年；AQHI，空气质量健康指数；AQI，空气质量指数。 ① P＜0.05。 Note: YLL, years of life lost; AQHI, air quality health index; AQI, air quality index. ① P < 0.05.

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