Job burnout and influencing fators among medical staff during COVID-19 epidemic
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摘要:
目的 了解COVID-19疫情背景下定州市和青岛市两地医务工作人员发生职业倦怠情况及其影响因素。 方法 2021年7月―2021年8月对定州市和青岛市的医务工作者进行横断面调查。利用职业倦怠调查普适量表(maslach burnout inventory general survey, MBI-GS)评价职业倦怠水平,采用Kruskal-Wallis H秩和检验和二分类logistic回归分析模型分析医务工作者职业倦怠水平的影响因素。 结果 982名被调查者中,发生职业倦怠的比例为91.1%,其中达到轻中度、重度的比例分别为71.5%和19.6%。多因素分析显示工作满意度感觉一般或者比较不满意(OR=3.108, 95% CI: 1.653~5.843)、应对方式为消极应对(OR=1.129, 95% CI: 1.071~1.191)人群发生重度职业倦怠者风险更高;同时睡眠时间缩短(OR=0.331, 95% CI: 0.166~0.662)的人群发生重度职业倦怠者风险更低。Spearman相关分析中,医务工作者的积极应对方式、消极应对方式与职业倦怠呈正相关(P < 0.001),社会支持情况、生活满意度情况与职业倦怠呈负相关(P < 0.001)。 结论 定州市和青岛市大部分的医务工作人员职业倦怠水平较高,需提高工作和生活满意度等关怀和社会支持力度,同时也要考虑适当增加防疫工作中的认同感和积极性以促进职业健康水平。 Abstract:Objective This study's objective is to understand the occurrence of burnout among medical staff in Dingzhou City, Hebei Province and Qingdao City, Shandong Province and its influencing factors in the context of theCOVID-19 epidemic. Methods In a cross-sectional study, a self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the level of medical workers' occupational burnout in Dingzhou City, Hebei Province and Qingdao City, Shandong Province in July-August 2021. The level of occupational burnout was evaluated using the Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey (MBI-GS). The Kruskal-Wallis H rank sum test and Binary logistics were used to analyze the factors influencing occupational burnout among medical workers. Results Among the 982 respondents, 91.1% had occupational burnout, and 71.5% and 19.6% had mild to moderate and severe occupational burnout, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that job satisfaction was generally or somewhat dissatisfied (OR=3.108, 95% CI: 1.653-5.843). People with passive coping styles were at higher risk for severe occupational burnout (OR=1.129, 95% CI: 1.071-1.191). And people with shorter sleep duration have a lower risk of severe occupational burnout (OR=0.331, 95% CI: 0.166-0.662). In Spearman correlation analysis, positive coping styles and negative coping styles of medical staff were positively correlated with occupational burnout (P < 0.001); While social support and life satisfaction were negatively associated with occupational burnout (P < 0.001). Conclusions Most of the medical staff in Dingzhou City, Hebei Province, and Qingdao City, Shandong Province, have high levels of job burnout. Improving care and social support such as work and life satisfaction, is necessary. At the same time, increasing the sense of identity and enthusiasm during COVID-19 epidemic prevention work and enhancing occupational health is essential. -
Key words:
- COVID-19 /
- Job burnout /
- Influential factors
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表 1 职业倦怠信息的单因素分析结果[n(%)]
Table 1. Univariate analysis results of occupational burnout information [n(%)]
影响因素 职业倦怠程度分类 H值 P值 影响因素 职业倦怠程度分类 H值 P值 无 轻中 重 无 轻中 重 地区 0.016 0.900 平均月收入(元) 10.081 0.018 定州市 38(7.3) 390(74.4) 96(18.3) < 3 001 35(13.7) 180(70.3) 41(16.0) 青岛市 49(8.9) 313(71.6) 96(19.6) 3 001~ < 5 001 42(8.3) 360(71.4) 102(20.2) 年龄(岁) 7.994 0.047 5 001~ < 8 001 9(4.5) 149(73.8) 44(21.4) 20~ < 31 25(11.4) 157(71.7) 37(16.9) ≥8 001 1(5.0) 14(70.0) 5(25.0) 31~ < 41 16(5.9) 192(71.6) 63(23.2) 疫情前培训次数(次) 4.990 0.083 41~ < 51 38(9.0) 303(71.6) 82(19.4) < 1 3(3.5) 60(70.6) 22(25.9) 51~61 8(11.6) 51(73.9) 10(14.5) 1~ < 3 33(9.1) 257(70.8) 73(20.1) 性别 0.012 0.914 ≥3 51(9.6) 386(72.3) 97(18.2) 男 31(12.0) 171(66.0) 57(22.0) 睡眠时间变化 34.414 < 0.001 女 56(7.7) 532(73.6) 135(18.7) 缩短 54(7.0) 542(70.2) 176(22.8) 婚姻状况 1.189 0.552 不变 31(15.7) 151(76.6) 15(7.6) 已婚 65(8.3) 567(72.1) 154(19.6) 增长 2(15.4) 10(76.9) 1(7.7) 未婚 21(11.7) 125(69.4) 34(18.9) 工作时间变化 27.072 < 0.001 离异 1(6.3) 11(68.8) 4(25.0) 缩短 3(9.7) 23(74.2) 5(16.1) 生育情况 1.864 0.172 不变 33(16.8) 143(73.0) 20(10.2) 已育 59(7.8) 549(72.4) 150(19.8) 增长 51(6.8) 537(71.1) 167(22.1) 未育 28(8.9) 154(71.6) 42(19.6) 工作满意度 106.661 < 0.001 单位 6.739 0.081 非常满意 46(14.0) 250(76.2) 32(9.8) 卫健委 3(12.5) 17(70.8) 4(16.7) 比较满意 32(7.8) 320(78.2) 57(13.9) 疾控中心 7(5.1) 93(68.4) 36(26.5) 一般 6(3.0) 115(58.1) 77(38.9) 医院 63(8.9) 513(72.9) 128(18.2) 比较不满意 2(6.1) 15(45.5) 16(48.5) 其他 14(11.9) 80(67.8) 24(20.3) 非常不满意 1(7.1) 3(21.4) 10(71.4) 职称 10.130 0.038 防控效果满意度 78.256 < 0.001 未定级 21(12.4) 121(71.6) 27(16.0) 非常满意 66(12.5) 399(75.4) 64(12.1) 初级 36(11.2) 229(71.1) 57(17.7) 比较满意 21(5.2) 283(70.2) 99(24.6) 中级 21(6.1) 247(71.6) 77(22.3) 一般 0(0.0) 18(40.0) 27(60.0) 副高级 7(6.5) 76(70.4) 25(23.1) 比较不满意 0(0.0) 2(66.7) 1(33.3) 高级 2(5.3) 30(78.9) 6(15.8) 非常不满意 0(0.0) 1(50.0) 1(50.0) 从业年限分段(年) 2.049 0.562 工作发挥作用 3.498 0.478 1~ < 10 30(9.4) 231(72.4) 58(18.2) 非常满意 35(10.2) 225(65.8) 82(24.0) 10~ < 20 24(8.0) 216(71.8) 61(20.3) 比较满意 25(6.1) 320(77.7) 67(16.3) 20~ < 30 26(8.5) 216(70.6) 64(20.9) 一般 26(12.1) 148(69.2) 40(18.7) 30~40 7(12.5) 40(71.4) 9(16.1) 比较不满意 1(11.1) 5(55.6) 3(33.3) 任职方式 9.729 0.021 非常不满意 0(0.0) 5(100.0) 0(0.0) 编制 43(6.6) 469(72.3) 137(21.1) 工作应受重视程度 35.610 < 0.001 合同制 33(12.8) 182(70.5) 43(16.7) 非常重视 50(13.1) 273(71.5) 59(15.4) 劳务派遣制 10(17.2) 38(65.5) 10(17.2) 比较重视 16(5.0) 251(77.7) 56(17.3) 其他 1(5.9) 14(82.4) 2(11.8) 一般 19(8.6) 150(67.9) 52(23.5) 学历 5.065 0.167 比较不重视 2(6.3) 19(59.4) 11(34.4) 高中或中专 11(16.2) 48(70.6) 9(13.2) 非常不重视 0(0.0) 10(41.7) 14(58.3) 大专或本科 74(8.6) 617(71.4) 173(20.0) 硕士 1(2.3) 35(79.5) 8(18.2) 博士 1(16.7) 3(50.0) 2(33.3) 表 2 职业倦怠和对应方式(积极、消极)、社会支持、生活满意度的Spearman相关分析
Table 2. Spearman correlation analysis of occupational burnout and coping styles (positive, negative), social support, and life satisfaction
变量(N=982) 积极应对分(17.183±6.445) 消极应对分(7.458±4.091) 社会支持总分(43.16±8.744) 生活满意度总分(23.09±7.083) rs 0.121 a 0.308 a -0.158 a -0.365 a P值 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 注:a为P在小于0.001级别,相关性显著。 表 3 医务工作者发生重度职业倦怠影响因素的二元logistic回归分析模型分析
Table 3. Binary logistic regression analysis of the influencing factors of severe occupational burnout among medical staff
自变量 β值 sx值 Wald χ2值 OR值(95% CI) P值 自变量 β值 sx值 Wald χ2值 OR值(95% CI) P值 年龄分组(岁) 3.389 0.335 工作时间变化 2.308 0.315 20~ < 31 1.000 增长 1.000 31~ < 41 -0.208 0.243 0.731 0.812(0.504~1.309) 0.393 缩短 -0.100 0.670 0.022 0.905(0.243~3.364) 0.881 41~ < 51 -0.052 0.495 0.011 0.950(0.360~2.507) 0.917 不变 0.360 0.606 0.353 1.433(0.437~4.703) 0.553 51~60 -0.592 0.330 3.212 0.553(0.290~1.057) 0.073 工作满意度 20.900 < 0.001 职称 1.411 0.842 非常满意 1.000 未定级 1.000 比较满意 0.202 0.290 0.489 1.224(0.694~2.160) 0.484 初级 0.268 0.271 0.978 1.308(0.768~2.225) 0.323 一般 1.134 0.322 12.388 3.108(1.653~5.843) < 0.001 中级 0.085 0.371 0.052 1.088(0.526~2.252) 0.819 比较不满意 1.401 0.506 7.677 4.060(1.507~10.937) 0.006 副高级 -0.110 0.657 0.028 0.896(0.247~3.247) 0.867 非常不满意 1.567 0.945 2.751 4.793(0.752~30.537) 0.097 高级 -0.035 0.326 0.012 0.965(0.510~1.828) 0.913 防控效果满意度 11.414 0.022 任职方式 0.734 0.865 非常满意 1.000 编制 1.000 比较满意 0.373 0.238 2.458 1.452(0.911~2.314) 0.117 合同制 -0.082 0.506 0.026 0.922(0.342~2.483) 0.872 一般 1.418 0.429 10.921 4.129(1.781~9.573) 0.001 劳务派遣制 -0.890 1.058 0.707 0.411(0.052~3.269) 0.401 比较不满意 0.759 1.435 0.280 2.136(0.128~35.555) 0.597 其他 -0.064 0.266 0.057 0.938(0.557~1.581) 0.811 非常不满意 1.699 1.809 0.883 5.471(0.158~189.529) 0.347 平均月收入(元) 1.919 0.589 工作应重视程度 4.186 0.381 < 3 001 1.000 非常满意 1.000 3 001~ < 5 001 -0.133 0.265 0.250 0.876(0.521~1.473) 0.617 比较满意 -0.058 0.254 0.052 0.944(0.574~1.551) 0.819 5 001~ < 8 001 0.810 0.703 1.328 2.249(0.567~8.925) 0.249 一般 -0.202 0.266 0.577 0.817(0.485~1.377) 0.447 ≥8 001 -0.098 0.269 0.132 0.907(0.536~1.535) 0.716 比较不满意 -0.277 0.499 0.309 0.758(0.285~2.015) 0.579 睡眠时间变化 10.877 0.004 非常不满意 0.955 0.601 2.529 2.600(0.801~8.441) 0.112 增长 1.000 积极应对 0.030 0.019 2.592 1.031(0.993~1.070) 0.107 缩短 -1.105 0.353 9.793 0.331(0.166~0.662) 0.002 消极应对 0.121 0.027 20.166 1.129(1.071~1.191) < 0.001 不变 -1.382 1.189 1.350 0.251(0.024~2.583) 0.245 社会支持总分 0.000 0.014 0.000 1.000(0.972~1.028) 0.999 生活满意度总分 -0.113 0.018 39.758 0.893(0.862~0.925) < 0.001 常量 -1.184 0.985 1.444 0.229 -
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