贵州黔南民族地区农村60岁以上老年人衰弱现况及影响因素

周全湘; 佘福强; 杨敬源; 杨星; 宋文君; 陈豪; 何绍前; 李钟艳

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2020.10.006

贵州黔南民族地区农村60岁以上老年人衰弱现况及影响因素

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2020.10.006

1.
558000 都匀, 黔南民族医学高等专科学校医学系预防医学教研室
2.
550025 贵阳, 贵州医科大学公共卫生学院流行病学与卫生统计学系
3.
550025 贵阳, 贵州医科大学医药卫生管理学院卫生事业管理教研室

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 81860598

黔南民族医学高等专科学校科技创新团队培育项目 QNYZ201901

黔南民族医学高等专科学校科研基金 QNYZ201932

详细信息

通讯作者:
杨敬源，E-mail：yang8880@sina.com

中图分类号: R592
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-05-13
- 修回日期: 2020-07-14
- 刊出日期: 2020-10-10

Investigate frailty status and analysis its influencing factors of the elderly in Qiannan rural minority arears of Guizhou

1.
Department of Preventive Medicine, Qiannan Medical Technology College for Nationalities, DuYun 558000, China
2.
Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
3.
Department of Health Management, School of Medical and Health Management, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China

Funds:

National Natural Science Foundation of China 81860598

Cultivation project of scientific and technological innovation team of Qiannan Medical College QNYZ201901

Research Fund of Qiannan Medical College QNYZ201932

More Information

Corresponding author: YANG Jing-yuan，E-mail:yang8880@sina.com

摘要

摘要: 目的了解贵州黔南民族地区农村老年人衰弱现况及分析其影响因素，为提高老年人的健康水平及生命质量提供理论依据。方法采用多阶段整群抽样方法在贵州黔南民族地区3个镇10个村抽取1 352名农村老年人进行问卷调查，采用SPSS 22.0进行统计分析，单因素分析采用χ²检验；多因素分析采用二分类Logistic回归分析模型分析。结果贵州黔南民族地区1 352名农村老年人中衰弱者497人，衰弱率为36.76%；Logistic回归分析模型分析结果显示，民族（β=0.40，OR=1.49，95% CI：1.16~1.91，P＜0.001）、年龄（β=0.27，OR=1.31，95% CI：1.09~1.57，P＜0.001）、家庭年收入（β=-0.28，OR=0.76，95% CI：0.67~0.86，P＜0.001）、饮食类型（β=0.29，OR=1.33，95% CI：1.17~1.52，P＜0.001）、居住情况（β=-0.76，OR=0.47，95% CI：0.32~0.69，P＜0.001）、慢性病（β=1.01，OR=2.75，95% CI：2.10~3.60，P＜0.001）和日常生活功能状况（β=0.78，OR=2.17，95% CI：1.66~2.85，P＜0.001）是影响该地区老年人衰弱的主要因素。结论贵州黔南民族地区农村老年人衰弱严重程度相对较高，尤其高龄、少数民族、日常生活活动能力受损及患慢性病老年人是衰弱防治的重点人群，应积极开展慢性病管理及老年人合理膳食的指导，引导老年人形成健康的生活方式，以预防或延缓老年人衰弱的发生发展。
- 老人 /
- 衰弱 /
- 影响因素
Abstract: Objective To investigate the frailty status and to analyze its influencing factors of elderly in Qiannan rural minority areas, in order to provide reference for improving health condition and the life of quality of elderly. Methods Multilevel sampling investigation was used. 1 352 elderly were selected from 10 villages of 3 towns in Qiannan. Chi square test and logistic regression analysis were used. Results The prevalence of elderly frailty was 36.76% in Qiannan minority areas. Logistic model showed that ethnic(β=0.40, OR=1.49, 95% CI:1.16-1.91, P < 0.001), age (β=0.27, OR=1.31, 95% CI:1.09-1.57, P < 0.001), annual family income (β=-0.28, OR=0.76, 95% CI:0.67-0.86, P < 0.001), diet type (β=0.29, OR=1.33, 95% CI:1.17~1.52, P < 0.001), living conditions (β=-0.76, OR=0.47, 95% CI:0.32~0.69, P < 0.001), chronic diseases (β=1.01, OR=2.75, 95% CI:2.10-3.60, P < 0.001) and daily living function (β=0.78, OR=2.17, 95% CI:1.66-2.85, P < 0.001) were the main influencing factors of the frailty in Qiannan minority areas. Conclusions The frailty status are relatively serious of elderly in this areas. The elderly who are ethnic minorities, have chronic disease and dis-function of daily living ability are high risk groups. Health education, healthy lifestyle education and chronic disease management should be carried out by the primary medical institutions, so as to promote their health level and quality of life.
- The elderly /
- Frailty /
- Influencing factors

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表 1 黔南民族地区农村老年人一般人口学特征及衰弱现况分析[n(%)]

Table 1. The general demographic characteristics and the frailty distribution characteristics of the elderly in Qiannan rural minority areas [n(%)]

变量	调查人数	衰弱	χ²值	P值
性别			25.891	＜0.001
男	556(41.12)	160(28.78)
女	796(58.88)	337(42.34)
年龄(岁)			22.400	＜0.001
60~	558(41.27)	172(30.82)
70~	618(45.71)	237(38.35)
≥80	176(13.02)	88(50.00)
民族			7.727	0.005
汉族	835(61.76)	283(33.89)
少数民族	517(38.24)	214(41.39)
文化程度			9.640	0.008
小学及以下	1 227(90.76)	466(37.98)
初中	112(8.28)	26(23.21)
高中及以上	13(0.96)	5(38.46)
婚姻状况			23.210	＜0.001
在婚	826(61.09)	262(31.72)
丧偶/离婚	526(38.91)	235(44.68)
居住状况			25.648	＜0.001
独居	136(10.06)	77(56.62)
非独居	1 216(89.94)	420(34.54)
是否患慢性病			65.742	＜0.001
是	481(35.58)	108(22.45)
否	871(64.42)	389(44.66)
饮酒			23.956	＜0.001
是	342(25.30)	88(25.73)
否	1 010(74.70)	409(40.49)
吸烟			32.629	＜0.001
是	346(25.59)	83(23.99)
否	1 006(74.41)	414(41.15)
家庭年收入(万元)	485(35.87)	212(43.71)	21.863	＜0.001
＜1	430(31.80)	156(36.28)
1~	272(20.12)	87(31.98)
3~	165(12.21)	42(25.45)
≥5
饮食类型			37.796	＜0.001
荤素搭配	703(52.00)	218(31.01)
荤食为主	139(10.28)	39(28.06)
素食为主	510(37.72)	240(47.06)
BMI(kg/m²)			11.566	0.009
消瘦	[KG*3]100(7.40)	46(46.00)
正常	813(59.69)	271(33.33)
超重	295(21.82)	118(40.00)
肥胖	144(10.61)	62(43.06)
睡眠质量			106.062	＜0.001
好	829(61.32)	222(26.78)
一般	311(23.00)	141(45.34)
不好	212(15.68)	134(63.21)
卫生院满意度度			5.927	0.052
满意	1 034(76.48)	366(35.39)
一般	242(17.90)	94(38.84)
不满意	76(5.62)	37(48.68)
日常生活功能是否受损			57.695	＜0.001
是	875(64.72)	386(44.11)
否	477(35.28)	111(23.27)

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表 2 老年人衰弱情况影响因素Logistic回归分析模型分析变量赋值

Table 2. Variable assignment of logistic regression of the frailty influential factors of the elderly

变量	赋值
民族	汉族=1，少数民族=2
年龄(岁)	60~=1，70~=2，≥80=3
家庭年收入(万元)	＜1=1，1~=2，3~=3，≥5=4
文化程度	小学及以下=1，初中=2，高中及以上=3
婚姻状况	在婚=1，丧偶/离婚/其他=2
性别	男=1，女=2
居住情况	独居=1，非独居=2
慢性病	是=1，否=0
日常生活活动能力受损状况	是=1，否=0
BMI(kg/m²)	消瘦=1，正常=2，超重=3，肥胖=4
饮食类型	荤素均匀=1，荤食为主=2，素食为主=3
吸烟情况	是=1，否=0
饮酒情况	是=1，否=0

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表 3 贵州黔南民族地区农村老年人衰弱多因素Logistic回归分析模型分析

Table 3. Logistic regression analysis of the frailty influential factors of the elderly in Qiannan rural minority areas

变量	β值	S_x	Wald	OR(95% CI)值	P值
民族	0.40	0.13	9.73	1.49(1.16~1.91)	＜0.001
居住情况	-0.76	0.20	14.62	0.47(0.32~0.69)	＜0.001
年龄(岁)	0.27	0.09	8.59	1.31(1.09~1.57)	＜0.001
家庭年收入(万元)	-0.28	0.06	19.58	0.76(0.67~0.86)	＜0.001
饮食类型	0.29	0.07	19.63	1.33(1.17~1.52)	＜0.001
日常生活功能状况	0.78	0.14	31.57	2.17(1.66~2.85)	＜0.001
慢性病	1.01	0.14	54.03	2.75(2.10~3.60)	＜0.001
常数项	-1.20	0.50	5.70	0.30	＜0.001

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