中华疾病控制杂志

Promoting the prevention and control strategy of tuberculosis scientifically to achieve "the 13th Five-year Plan" for tuberculosis control program

ZHAO Yi-ju, WANG Sheng-yong

2017, 21(5): 431-433,538. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.05.001

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Tuberculosis is one of serious infectious diseases endangering life and health to the residents. The epidemic situation of tuberculosis is quite serious and China is one of the highest disease burden country worldwide. China has realized the commitment of tuberculosis control phased target to the international society on schedule. The mortality of TB obviously declined. The epidemic characteristics of tuberculosis in China is high infection rate, high prevalence, high drug resistance rate, and low detection rate, low cognitive rate, low dose rate, and the prevalence of falling slowly. The tuberculosis prevention and control situation is grim in China. In order to realize the 13th Five-Year Plan National Tuberculosis Control Program,we must be in accordance with the law and science to advance tuberculosis prevention and control strategy:The tuberculosis control work as an important content of construction in people's livelihood and in the plan for national economic and social development, as one of the government's target management evaluation content;To strengthen the information construction of tuberculosis control;Promoting tuberculosis service system including professional organizations of tuberculosis control, tuberculosis designated hospitals and community health center. Infectious tuberculosis patients should be hospitalization;Carrying out the care, monitoring, prevention and health education to the tuberculosis risk population;Extensively conducting propaganda education about the severity and harmfulness of tuberculosis and leave no one behind.

Analysis on smoking and smoking cessation behaviors among adults from Anhui Province in 2013-2014

XU Wei, CHEN Ye-ji, XIE Jian-rong, XING Xiu-ya, WU Qing-sheng, ZHA Zhen-qiu, JIA Shang-chun, LIU Zhi-rong

2017, 21(5): 434-438,452. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.05.002

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Objective To understand the smoking prevalence and smoking cessation among adults in Anhui and provide reference for tobacco prevention and control measures. Methods Data from the China non-communicable and chronic disease risk factor surveillance in Anhui in 2013-2014 was used and the analytical method accounted for the complex sampling design. Results A total of 7 182 subjects aged ≥ 18 years were included in the study. The prevalence of current smoking was 26.2% (95% CI:23.9%-28.4%), which was much higher among men 51.2% (95% CI:45.5%-56.8%) than in women 1.4% (95% CI:0.5%-2.4%). For male, the current smoking rate was decreased along with higher education level (P<0.001). The prevalence of daily smoking was 23.7% (95% CI:21.4%-26.0%), with a significantly higher ratio among men (46.5%, 95% CI:41.7%-51.3%) than in women (1.2%, 95% CI:0.5%-1.9%). The current smokers smoked an average of 17.1 (95% CI:16.5-17.6) cigarettes per day; men and women was 17.2 (95% CI:16.7-17.8) and 10.5 (95% CI:9.4-11.7) per day, respectively. The daily consumed cigarettes number increased with the age (P=0.048), while decreased with the increase of education level (P=0.003). The prevalence of people who exposed to secondhand smoking was 57.6% (95% CI:51.2%-64.0%). Among male current smokers, the prevalence on intending to quit smoking, quitting smoking, and quitting smoking successfully was 37.6% (95% CI:25.0%-50.2%), 13.8% (95% CI:7.5%-20.1%) and 9.1% (95% CI:5.1%-13.0%), respectively. Conclusions The estimated prevalence of smoking and exposed to secondhand smoking among adults from Anhui Province were high. The prevalence of smoking was very high among men, meanwhile few male current smokers intended to quit smoking and the prevalence of quitting smoking and quitting smoking successfully were low.

Smoking and passive smoking status and awareness of tobacco hazard among adults in Qingdao

QI Fei, JIA Xiao-rong, LIU Hui, LIN Peng, GENG Mei-yun, WANG Ya-ni, LI Shan-peng

2017, 21(5): 439-443. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.05.003

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Objective To understand the smoking and passive smoking status and awareness of tobacco hazards among adults aged ≥ 15 years in Qingdao. Methods A total of 4 349 residents aged ≥ 15 years were selected through stratified multi-stage cluster sampling and a questionnaire survey was conducted among them. Indicators such as current smoking rates, passive smoking rates and awareness of tobacco hazards were analyzed by the method of complex sampling design. Results The current smoking rate of residents aged ≥ 15 years was 21.31%, the prevalence of daily cigarette smoking was 18.18%, and men was higher than women, rural area was higher than urban area. Rates of secondhand smoke exposure in public place, workplace and at home were 42.39%, 26.62% and 40.53% respectively. The exposure rates were significantly different in gender, education level, etc. Only 21.72% residents awared that smoking could cause stroke, myocardial infarction, lung cancer and penile erectile dysfunction. 45.19% residents awared that passive smoking could cause heart disease, lung cancer in adults and lung disease in children. Conclusions The prevalence of smoking and passive smoking in adults aged ≥ 15 years in Qingdao were below the national level in 2010 and 2015, but the epidemic status was still serious and the cognition of tobacco risk related knowledge was still scarce. The tobacco control is facing a great challenge.

Survey on smoking cessation behaviors and analysis of tobacco control strategy in Qingdao city

JIA Xiao-rong, QI Fei, LI Shan-peng, LIN Peng, GENG Mei-yun, YIN Fan

2017, 21(5): 444-448. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.05.004

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Objective To analyze the prevalence of smoking cessation and factors associated with intention to quit smoking among adult smokers in Qingdao city, and to explore the direction for policy planning. Methods A total of 5 000 residents aged ≥ 15 years were selected in Qingdao through multiple stages sampling to conduct a household face-to-face interview. Indicators as quit proportion in ever smokers, frequency of quit attempts, percentage of smokers who received health care provider advice were calculated to describe the prevalence of smoking cessation by weight on age proportions from the 2010 census. Methods of univariate and multiple Logistic regression in complex sample were used to explore factors associated with intention to quit smoking. Results There were 20.2% of ever smokers who had quit smoking. 13.5% of current smokers planed or thought about quitting within the next 12 months. During the past 12 months, 24.8% of current smokers had attempted to quit smoking and among those, 54.6% had tried two or more times. 66.8% of smokers who visited a health care provider received cessation advice. After controlling for other factors, just as showed in multiple analysis, we found that the intention to quit smoking was significantly associated with the smoking-related health knowledge and a quit history. Conclusions The percentage of smokers who had tried to quit smoking was lower. The smoking cessation services should be provided more professionally and accessibly to encourage smoking cessation. Some targeted propaganda strategies should be made to improve the willingness of cessation.

The relationship between high sensitivity C-reactive protein and the risk of lung cancer among smoking males in Kailuan group

WANG Gang, LV Zhang-yan, LI Fang, SU Kai, FENG Xiao-shuang, WEI Luo-pei, CHEN Yu-heng, CUI Hong, YANG Wen-jing, SHI Ju-fang, REN Jian-song, LI Ni, WU Shou-ling, DAI Min, HE Jie

2017, 21(5): 449-452. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.05.005

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Objective To investigate whether elevated levels of hsCRP (high sensitivity C-reactive protein)at baseline are associated with an increased risk of lung cancer among smoking males in Kailuan group. Methods 38 099 males from the Chinese Kailuan cohort were enrolled in the study in July 2006. All of the subjects were followed-up through Dec 31,2014. Levels of high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) were tested and demographic information and risk factor data were collected at baseline for all subjects. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for baseline levels of hsCRP after adjusting for age, smoking, drinking, BMI, and diabetes, and risk of lung cancer. Results By Dec 31, 2014, a total of 333 incident lung cancer cases accrued. Three groups were divided according to the level of hsCRP (<1 mg/L, 1-3 mg/L and >3 mg/L). The 8-year cumulative incidence of lung cancer were 727/100 000, 995/100 000 and 1 344/100 000 in these 3 groups, respectively (χ²=23.79,P<0.001). Compared to males with lower hsCRP levels (<1 mg/L), males with higher hsCRP (1-3 mg/L and >3 mg/L) levels had significant increased risks of lung cancer (HR=1.37, 95% CI=1.06-1.77, P=0.017 and HR=1.69, 95% CI=1.29-2.23, P<0.001 respectively) after adjusting for age, smoking, drinking, BMI and diabetes. Conclusions Elevated levels of hsCRP at baseline might increase the risk of lung cancer in smoking males.

Dietary diversity in residents of Wuhai, Inner Mongolia and its effect on serum lipid level

JIAO Wei-yu, ZHOU Qian, WANG Dong-ping, SONG Fei, LIU Yan, WANG Hao-jie, LIU Ai-ping, WANG Pei-yu

2017, 21(5): 453-456,460. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.05.006

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Objective To understand the dietary diversity in residents of Wuhai, Inner Mongolia and to analyze its effect on serum lipid level. Methods Subjects were stratified by multi-stage sampling method from September to November in 2014 and 5 409 residents aged 18 to 79 years were enrolled in this study. Diet information was obtained by using food frequency questionnaire. Dietary diversity score (DDS) was calculated in order to understand the dietary diversity. The association between the dietary diversity and serum lipid level was analyzed by multiple linear regression. Results Mean dietary diversity score was 5.9±1.4 and the score of males was lower than that of females (t=-4.99, P<0.001). Education level and household income were positively associated with DDS (P<0.001). Subjects with high DDS consumed more vegetables, fruit, meat, egg, fish and soy (all P<0.05). Women with high DDS consumed less carbohydrate (Z=-2.84, P=0.005). DDS was negatively associated with total cholesterol (male, β=-0.040, P=0.028; female, β=-0.034, P=0.011) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (male, β=-0.036, P=0.024; female, β=-0.032, P=0.006). Conclusions The dietary diversity of residents in Wuhai was poor. DDS was negatively associated with low density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol. We should increase the dietary diversity and the intake of fruit, milk and fish while decrease the intake of meat and refined carbohydrate.

Cross-sectional survey on dyslipidemia among residents aged 18 and above in Shandong Province, 2013

ZHANG Gao-hui, TANG Jun-li, CHEN Xi, GUO Xiao-lei, XU Chun-xiao, GAO Cong-cong, ZHANG Ji-yu, LU Zi-long, XU Ai-qiang

2017, 21(5): 457-460. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.05.007

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Objective To investigate the dyslipidemia prevalence of adults in Shandong Province, 2013. Methods Levels of total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) were tested with venous blood from 11 223 subjects of 18 years old and above selected by multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling from 19 surveillance points in 2013. The dyslipidemia prevalence of different groups was analyzed by complex weighting analysis. Results The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 32.6%. After weighting calculation, the dyslipidemia prevalence of adults in Shandong Province was 31.6% (95% CI:28.1%-35.3%), males (37.0%) was higher than females (26.2%)(χ²=69.001,P<0.001). The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, high blood LDL-C, low blood HDL-C and hypertriglyceridemia was 7.3% (95% CI:5.6%-8.9%), 9.3% (95% CI:6.9%-11.8%), 17.2% (95% CI:14.4%-19.9%) and 12.3% (95% CI:10.5%-14.1%), respectively. The prevalence of low blood HDL-C and hypertriglyceridemia in males were higher than females (all P<0.05). Conclusions The dyslipidemia rate is high in Shandong Province and males' rate is higher than females'. The hypercholesterolemia and low blood HDL-C are two major types of dyslipidemia.

Study on the correlation between dietary patterns and obesity in 515 Uygurs subjects

TIE Ri-ge-li, SUN Yong, XU Shu, YUAN Qian-qian, LI Cai-hong, RU Xian-gu-li, LIU Si-xiong, TANG Liu-ying, NU Er-bo-sen, HAN Jia

2017, 21(5): 461-464. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.05.008

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Objective To investigate the relationship between dietary patterns and obesity in Uygur residents and to provide a scientific basis for preventing obesity. Methods A total of 515 Uygur residents were included. Factor analysis method was used to study the relationship between dietary patterns and obesity. Results Four dietary patterns were identified:grains pattern (food grains other than wheat and rice, vegetables, fruits, meat, poultry,etc); nut pattern(beans and nut, milk and milk products, eggs, meat, fats and oils,etc); staple pattern (rice,wheat, eggs,tea,salt,etc); high-fat pattern (fats and oils, tea, salt, meat, eggs,etc). The prevalence of obesity for the staple and high-fat pattern's highest tertile was higher than the lowest (all P<0.001),and the prevalence of obesity for the grains pattern's highest tertile was lower than the lowest.(χ²=32.48,P <0.001); After adjustment for relevant confounders the results of Logistic regression analysis showed that the staple pattern could increase the risk of obesity(OR=2.49,95% CI:2.25-2.73,P=0.025), the high-fat pattern could increase the risk of obesity(OR=3.06,95% CI:2.79-3.34,P=0.017), and the grains pattern could reduce the risk of obesity(OR=0.62,95% CI:0.28-0.96,P=0.042). Conclusions The grains pattern is inversely associated with obesity risk; staple and high-fat pattern are positively associated with obesity risk. In order to prevent obesity, people should reduce fat and meat intake and choose grains dietary patterns that rich in dietary fiber.

Study on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its influencing factors in a community medical check-up crowd

SUN Huan-zhen, JIN Lai-run, ZUO Xiang, YUAN Hui, DING Lei, SHI Wei

2017, 21(5): 465-468. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.05.009

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Objective To understand the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its influencing factors in a community medical check-up crowd for providing scientific basis for MS prevention and control. Methods Residents aged 18 and older who took medical check-up in a community were selected by cluster sampling. Data on MS and its influencing factors were obtained by questionnaires, physical examination and laboratory tests. Non-conditional Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of MS. Results A total of 610 participants were eligible for the study, including 334 males (54.8%) and 276 females (45.2%). The crude prevalence of MS was 13.4% (82/610) and there was no significant difference between male (15.6%) and female (10.9%)(χ²=2.868,P=0.090). The prevalence of MS participants with older age, lower education level, family history of hypertension or diabetes, less exercise or excessive salt intake was significantly higher than control group. The measurements of physical examination and laboratory tests such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumstance (WC), etc. in MS patients were higher than control group (all P<0.05), while high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level was lower than control group. Multivariate analysis showed that older age, family history of diabetes, higher BMI, longer WC,hypertension, higher triglyceride and lower HDL-C were risk factors for MS. Conclusions Given the large proportion of MS in community adult residents, targeted prevention and control measures for the risk factors should be taken as early as possible.

A study on correlation of waist and waist-height ratio and hyperlipidemia among patients in Guiyang weight management program

YANG Wen-yan, YANG Da-gang, WANG Hui-qun, SUN Xiao-hong

2017, 21(5): 469-472. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.05.010

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Objective To investigate the correlation of body mass index (BMI), waist crrcumference (WC), waist-height ratio (WHtR) and percentage of body fat (BF%) with hyperlipidemia for evaluation of screening values. Methods A total of 119 outpatients under the weight management program in the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from February to December 2015 were included in this study. Height, body weight, waist, body composition and blood lipid level were detected. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to analyze the screening rate of BMI, waist, WHtR and BF% on hyperlipidemia with area under the curve(AUC). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to investigate the association between hyperlipidemia risk and these four indicators. Results The AUC of waist and WHtR were greater than BMI and BF% in female (all P<0.05), WHtR was of greatest AUC in male. Patients with greater waist and WHtR had higher risk of hyperlipidemia (all P<0.05). Conclusions The waist and WHtR are better screening indicators for hyperlipidemia as compared with BF% and BMI.

The interaction effect of renin gene MboI polymorphism and environmental factors in essential hypertension

ZHANG Guo-ping, HE Ning, CONG Ming-yu, ZHANG Ke-yong, LI Jing-ping, ZHAO Jing-bo, QIU Chang-chun

2017, 21(5): 473-477,491. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.05.011

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Objective To explore interation effect of REN MboI polymorphism and environmental factors on essential hypertension. Methods A case-control study was performed in this study. Subjects (case:1 533, control:1 557) were from a field survey in the rural of Lanxi county of Heilongjiang province. The polymorphism was mainly genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). In addition, in order to make sure the accuracy of PCR-RFLP, 10% PCR products were randomly selected to be sequenced. Results There were positive multiplication model of interaction between MboI polymorphism and sex, family history of hypertension, high density lipoprotein(HDL), the odds ratio of interaction (OR_i)were 1.36,1.12 and 1.03, respectively; There were negative multiplication model of interaction between MboI polymorphism and age, abdomen circumference(AC), body mass index(BMI), triglyceride (TG), with OR_i of 0.82,0.47,0.46 and 0.70 respectively. Conclusions When male or having family history of hypertension or high level of HDL is accompanied with mutation of MboI locus, the risk for hypertension will increase; when high level of age or AC or BMI or TG is accompanied with mutation of MboI locus, the risk for hypertension will decline.

Association study of protein kinase C β gene polymorphism rs16972959 with rheumatoid arthritis

WANG Min, CHEN Shuang-shuang, WANG Xiu, ZHANG Tian-ping, LENG Rui-xue, PAN Hai-feng, YE Dong-qing

2017, 21(5): 478-481. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.05.012

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Objective Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that interaction of genetic and environmental factor contribute to susceptibility. Protein kinase C β (PKCβ)gene has been reported to be associated with several autoimmune diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs16972959 of PKCβ, show significant evidence for association with RA in a Chinese population. Methods We conducted a case-control study and a total of 508 RA patients and 503 healthy controls were finally recruited. The genotyping of PKCβ rs16972959 polymorphism was detected by TaqMan allele discrimination assay. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16.0 software. Results The prevalence of PKCβ (rs16972959) polymorphism was not differentially distributed between RA patients and controls in either allele frequency, with odds ratio (95% CI) of 0.928(0.761-1.131) and P value of 0.460, or genotype frequency (GG vs AA:P=0.839, OR=1.054, 95% CI:0.632-1.759; GA vs AA:P=0.888, OR=0.963, 95% CI:0.570-1.627). The allele frequency of rs16972959 was significantly associated with anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (ACCP) positive phenotype as compare to ACCP negative patients (P=0.041). Moreover, we found that the genotype distribution of rs16972959 was significantly associated with rheumatoid factor (RF) positive patients (P=0.042). However, we failed to detect associations of rs16972959 polymorphism with anti-keratin antibody (AKA). Conclusions These findings suggest that the PKCβ rs16972959 is not associated with RA susceptibility in a Chinese Han population. We found association of sorne laboratory features with rs16972959.

Incidence, mortality and survival in rural areas of stomach cancer during 2003-2012 in Jiangsu Province, China

HUANG Xing-yu, HAN Ren-qiang, TENG Zhi-mei, ZHOU Jin-yi, TAO Ran, YU Hao, LUO Peng-fei, WU Ming

2017, 21(5): 482-486. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.05.013

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Objective To describe the incidence, mortality of stomach cancer and to analyze its survival status in the rural place of Jiangsu Province, China. Methods Population-based cancer registry data during 2003-2012 were collected. Stratified by age and year, crude rates, age-standardized rates by Chinese population (ASRC)and age-standardized rates by world population (ASRW) were used to describe incidence and mortality in Jiangsu. Annual percent change (APC) was calculated to estimate the changing trend from 2003 to 2012. Patients diagnosed between 2003 and 2005 were chosen for analyzing the survival status of stomach cancer, observed survival rate (OSR) and relative survival rate (RSR) were calculated according to different sex and age groups to analyze the differences. Results From 2003 to 2012, the crude incidence rate of stomach cancer was 48.2/100 000, ASRC was 32.0/100 000. During the same period, the crude mortality rate was 35.1/100 000, ASRC was 22.5/100 000. From 2003 to 2012, the incidence and mortality were significantly decreased. For survival analysis of rural place, the 5-year observed survival rate of cases was 21.8% and relative survival rate was 25.1%. Survival rates were found to decrease with more survival years, higher in males, and decreased with age. Conclusions The incidence and mortality of stomach cancer in Jiangsu Province were significantly decreased from 2003 to 2012, but still at higher level, and its survival status was poor. More resources should be put to early screening, which is one of the most effective ways to improve cancer survival status.

Study on clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of familial breast cancer in Guangxi

YUAN Hui-ming, WU Gui-ping, WU Xiao-shan, LUO Ming, Liang Bin-qi, ZENG Jian

2017, 21(5): 487-491. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.05.014

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Objective To compare the clinicopathological characteristics between familial breast cancer and sporadic breast cancer, and to reveal the unique clinical pathology and molecular biological characteristics of familial breast cancer. Methods The clinical and pathological data of 445 patients with breast cancer from January 2013 to January 2014 in Department of Gastrointestinal and Gland Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University were analyzed retrospectively, 43 of them were familial breast cancer and 402 were sporadic. The clinical pathological features, molecular biological behaviors, recurrence and metastasis of the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results The proportion of patients with familial breast cancer at histological grade Ⅲ (37.2%) was significantly higher than the sporadic breast cancer (22.6%), the difference was statistically significant(χ²=4.517,P=0.034).The negative rate of ER expression in familial breast cancer patients (39.5%) was higher than that in sporadic breast cancer patients (25.4%),the difference was statistically significant(χ²=3.977,P=0.046).Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that:3-year disease-free survival rate (DFS) was 86.0% in the familial breast cancer and the rate in the sporadic group was 95.5%, the difference was statistically significant (χ²=7.371, P=0.007).But in the two groups, the age distribution, nationality, BMI, menopausal status, tumor size, pathological type, clinical stage, axillary lymph node metastasis rate,PR,HER-2,Ki-67 and breast cancer molecular subtypes were not statistically significant. Conclusions There are some differences in clinicopathological characteristics between the familial breast cancer and sporadic breast cancer in Guangxi province, and familial breast cancer may indicate worse prognosis.

The effect of cervical cancer screening for rural women in China by using HPV test as primary screening method and pap smear as a triage test

ZHENG Feng-xian, SUN Xiao-wei, Li Cai-hong, LIU Jin-hong, ZHAO Yu-qian, WANG Jing, QIAN Jin-peng, QIAO You-lin

2017, 21(5): 492-495,500. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.05.015

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Objective To analyze the effect of HPV primary screening with HPV hybrid capture test and triage test with Pap smear of rural women for cervical cancer in China. Methods HPV test were performed for rural women aged 35-64 as primary cervical cancer screening at 2015. Pap smear was conducted on HPV test-positive women. Colposcopy was conducted if Pap smear results were above ASC-US. Pathology-confirmed biopsies were implemented for final diagnosis. Surgery was performed on women with pathological results above CIN2. Results The HPV positive rate was 10.65% when using the strategy of DH2 test as primary screening method and Pap smear as a triage testing. The number of women with ASC-US and above was 150, and the referral rate of women who accepted colposcopy was 3.57%, the participation rate was 100%. The detection number(rate) of CIN1, CIN2 and above and CIN3 and above were16(0.38%), 29(0.69%)and 15(0.36%), respectively. There were no cervical cancer cases in this study. Conclusions HPV test as primary screening method and Pap smear as a triage test can decrease the colposcopy referral,and the detection rate of cervical pre cancer and cancer was high. According to the diagnostic level of local hospitals, Pap smear as a triage test should be considered. The detection rate of cervical pre cancer and cancer was higher when using the strategy of HPV test without any triage test. We should improve the technological level of clinical cytologic diagnosis among doctors in rural areas to detect more cervical lesions.

Bioinformatics analysis of hypoxic markers in cervical cancer via big data

CHEN Qian, QIU Xiao-qiang

2017, 21(5): 496-500. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.05.016

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Objective To investigate the hypoxic markers in cervical cancer and its prognostic value via GEO (gene expression omnibus) and TCGA (the cancer genome atlas) database. Methods The datasets of cervical cancer were downloaded from GEO and TCGA database. Hypoxic markers in cervical cancer were explored via GSE75034 database.Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were performed to analyze gene functions. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank test were used to study the prognostic value via TCGA database. Results A total of 337 genes had different expression levels between hypoxic tissues and non-hypoxic tissues, of which 184 genes were upregulated and 153 genes were downregulated. GO analysis showed these genes were related to immune response, inflammation, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, etc. KEGG analysis showed that these genes were enriched in TNF signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and HIF-1 signaling pathway. Moreover, TCGA data analysis showed PAI-1, BCL-2, HK-2 which enriched in HIF-1 signaling pathway were related to cervical cancer patient prognosis. High levels of PAI-1 and HK-2 expression were significantly correlated with shortened survival (all P<0.05), which indicated a worse outcome, whereas high level of BCL-2 expression was significantly correlated with a prolonged survival (χ²=6.508,P=0.011), suggesting BCL-2 was a protective factor. Conclusions Our results suggested that PAI-1, BCL-2 and HK-2 could be promising hypoxia biomarkers for the prognosis of cervical cancer.

Associations of plasma IL-22 level with the liver function and infection outcomes in hepatitis C patients

ZHU Ping, WU Meng-ping, XIE Chao-nan, TIAN Ting, ZHANG Yun, HAN Ya-ping, LIU Yuan, JIN Ke, YUE Ming

2017, 21(5): 501-503,518. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.05.017

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Objective To investigate the associations of plasma interleukin-22 (IL-22) level with liver function, hepatitis C (HCV) RNA load and HCV-related outcomes among HCV infected paid blood donors of Jiangsu Province. Methods A total of 247 subjects were enrolled, including 75 HCV persistent infection cases, 82 HCV natural clearance subjects and 90 healthy controls. The IL-22 level was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The partial correlation analysis was used to explore the associations of IL-22 level with liver function, HCV RNA load and HCV-related outcomes. Results After controlling for age, sex and body mass index (BMI), the analysis of covariance showed there were significant differences in the level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) among the three groups (all P<0.05), by contrast, no significant difference in plasma IL-22 level or the outcomes of HCV infection was observed (F=0.911,P=0.676). In addition, a partial correlation analysis showed that the level of IL-22 was positively correlated with the level of ALT, AST and negatively correlated with the level of HCV RNA load. However, the correlation did not show significant differences (all P>0.05). Logistic regression implicated that HCV RNA load was an independent risk factor of ALT level in HCV persistent infection patients (OR=16.926,95% CI:1.695-169.068). Conclusions HCV RNA load was closely related to the liver function in hepatitis C patients. In this study, no significant association was found between plasma IL-22 level and the outcomes of HCV infection. However, large well designed follow-up studies would be needed to further elucidate the impact of IL-22 on liver function and HCV infection outcomes.

Efficacy and safety of raltegravir-based therapy in antiretroviral-naive patients with HIV-1 infection: A Meta-analysis

ZHANG Feng, ZHANG Zhi-qing, BAI Shi-meng, GAO Shuang-quan, TIAN Jin-hui, GU Ying, QU Cheng-yi

2017, 21(5): 504-509. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.05.018

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Objective To systematically review the efficacy and safety of raltegravir-based therapy in antiretroviral-naive patients with HIV infection. Methods The data on randomized controlled trial (RCT) of raltegravir-based therapy in antiretroviral-naive patients with HIV-1 infection were collected, and analyzed using Rev Man 5.2 and Stata 12.0 software. Results A total of 17 RCTs were included. At weeks 48, 96, there were no significant differences (all P>0.05) between the raltegravir group and control group, proportion of patients with virological response (plasma viral load<50 copies/ml) in raltegravir group were 84.2% and 87.3%, respectively. At weeks 240, 70.2% versus 61.5% achieved plasma viral load <50 copies/m in the raltegravir group and control group (RR=1.15, 95% CI:1.03-1.28, P=0.010). The incidence rate of drug-related clinical common adverse events (including diarrhea, nausea, dizziness, headache, insomnia) in both groups were not significantly different (all P>0.05) at weeks 48 and 96, respectively. At weeks 96,144/156, the mean changes from baseline in LDL-cholesterol (LDL) 0.16(0.05-0.49), 0.20(0.08-0.48), triglyceride (TG) 0.12(0.02-0.59), 0.12(0.03-0.59) and total cholesterol (TC), 0.04(0.00-0.40), 0.04(0.00-0.34) concentrations, the raltegravir-based regimens group had a lower incidence rate than the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusions Current evidence shows that the raltegravir-based therapy had long-term and well tolerated antiretroviral activity, which was non-inferior to current regimens recommended for antiretroviral-native adults and adolescents with HIV-infection. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high quality studies would be needed to verify the above conclusion.

Prognostic significant of overexpressed phosphodiesterase 4B in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

GAO Qian, LI Yan-yan, SHEN Ya-nan, YU Ming-xing, LI Lu, XI Yan-feng, WANG Tong

2017, 21(5): 510-513. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.05.019

Abstract(522)

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Objective This study used to investigate the association between overexpressed phosphdiesterase 4B (PDE4B) and the prognosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and evaluate its predictive values. Methods Micro-array data of 320 patients with DLBCL was downloaded from gene expression omnibus (GEO) data set. The statistically significant test of overall survival (OS) between high and normal PDE4B expression level was made by Log-rank test. Univariate (international prognostic index, IPI or PDE4B) and multivariate (IPI+PDE4B) Cox proportional hazards model were constructed and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves method was used to analysis the tendency of model's predictive power over time. The overall prediction accuracy of each model was evaluated and compared with the C index. Results The risk of death in DLBCL patients with overexpressed PDE4B was 1.431 times (HR=1.431,95% CI:1.013-2.002, P=0.042) that of normal expression. C index was statistically significant difference (IPI vs. IPI+PDE4B:Z=15.0, P<0.001;PDE4B vs. IPI+PDE4B:Z=53.7, P<0.001) between multivariate and univariate Cox regression model. Conclusions Overexpressed PDE4B is a hazard for DLBCL. Prognostic accuracy of DLBCL may be improved by combining IPI and PDE4B.

Serum trace elements concentrations during the first trimester of pregnancy after IVE-ET/F-ET treatment

CHEN Juan, XU Qian-hua, GUO Pei-pei, ZHANG Qin, WEI Zhao-lian, CAO Yun-xia

2017, 21(5): 514-518. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.05.020

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Objective To investigate the effects of exogenous sex hormones supplementation to in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET)/frozen-thawed embryo transfer (F-ET) patients on serum concentrations of five trace elements as well as estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) in pregnant women during the first trimester of pregnancy. Methods A total of 863 pregnant women (including 800 in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET)/frozen-thawed embryo transfer (F-ET) patients and 63 nature pregnancy) were studied, the IVF-ET/F-ET patients were divided into 3 groups according to their different embryo transfer cycle. Serum samples were collected in the morning of their 6-8 weeks of pregnancy and the serum concentrations of copper, zinc, calcium, magnesium, iron, estradiol and progesterone were measured. Results The serum E2 and P levels rose with the increase of hormone intake due to different IVF-ET cycles. The copper levels in four groups were significantly different (all P<0.05), the lowest in the natural pregnancy group and highest in the fresh cycle group. The copper level was positively correlated with the estradiol level (r=0.08,P=0.024). The levels of serum magnesium and iron in multiple pregnancies were lower than those in singleton pregnancies (all P<0.05). Conclusions Serum copper level of pregnant women who received IVF-ET/F-ET treatment is higher than that of women with natural pregnancy, and it has positive correlation with serum E2 level. The demands of magnesium and iron of multiple pregnancy are higher than those required by singleton pregnancy.

The relationship between the metacognitive ability and auditory memory function in schizophrenia patients

ZHU Dao-min, WU Wei-min, WANG Kai, LI Hui, CHU Zhao-xue, ZHANG Yu, YUE Si-jun, GAO Yan-ping, DONG Yi

2017, 21(5): 519-522,527. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.05.021

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Objective To estimate the association between the metacognitive ability and auditory memory function in patients with schizophrenia. Methods The meta-cognitive ability and auditory memory function of 60 patients with stablized schizophrenia and 42 patients with neurosis were evaluated using the revised metacognitive assessment scale abbreviated(MAS-A) and the auditory verbal memory test(AVMT), respectively. Meanwhile, the symptoms of patients with schizophrenia were assessed by the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS). Results Compared with the patients with neurosis, patients with schizophrenia had significantly lower scores on the MAS-A total score(12.58±3.64 vs 8.77±3.37), the subscores of self-reflectivity (4.74±1.29 vs 3.42±1.13), understanding of others (3.29±1.03 vs, 2.43±1.07), decentration (1.04±0.74 vs 0.43±0.54), and mastery (3.52±1.24 vs 2.50±1.14) (all P<0.001). Correlation analysis showed that there were significantly positive association of the MAS-A total score with the scores of immediate memory2(r=0.340), immediate memory3(r=0.270) and delayed memory(r=0.345) (all P<0.05) of the AVMT in patients with schizophrenia. However, after adjusting for the PANSS total score and illness duration, the significant relationship between MAS-A total score and AVMT scores reduced to marginally significant. Conclusions Patients with schizophrenia have general deficits in metacognition. The relationship between the metacognitive ability and auditory memory function may be affected by symptom severity and illness duration.

Health risk assessment of chemical pollutants in drinking water in a Pearl River Delta city

DENG Chun-tuo, HE Lun-fa, GUO Yan, HUANG Jun, LIANG Xi-nian, WU Hui-gang

2017, 21(5): 523-527. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.05.022

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Objective To give an initial evaluation on the potential health risk of chemical pollutants in drinking water in a Pearl River Delta city. Methods The concentration of 5 genetic toxic substances (As, Cr⁶⁺, Cd, CHCl₃, CCl₄) and 12 non-carcinogenic substances (Pb, Hg, Se, CN^-, F^-, NO^-₃, Fe, NH₃-N, Mn, Cu, Zn, volatile phenol) in source water, finished water and tap water in a Pearl River Delta city were tested from January to December, 2015. The health risk of exposure to chemical pollutants through oral route was assessed according to the evaluation models recommended by United States Environmental Protection Agency. Results The carcinogenic risk, non-carcinogenic risk and total health risk caused by chemical pollutants in source water were 3.75×10^-5/a,206.27×10^-11/a and 3.75×10^-5/a respectively. The carcinogenic risk, non-carcinogenic risk and total health risk caused by chemical pollutants in finished water were 3.32×10^-5/a,142.68×10^-11/a and 3.32×10^-5/a respectively. The carcinogenic risk, non-carcinogenic risk and total health risk caused by chemical pollutants in tap water were 3.37×10^-5/a,150.34×10^-11/a and 3.37×10^-5/a respectively. The carcinogenic risk, non-carcinogenic risk and total health risk caused by chemical pollutants ranked from high to low as source water > tap water > finished water. Conclusions The health risk caused by 17 chemical pollutants in source water, finished water and tap water were below the maximal acceptable value recommended by International Commission on Radiological Protection (5.0×10^-5/a) in a Pearl River Delta city.

Prediction of measles incidence rate based on the support vector machine model

XU Xue-qin, PEI Lan-ying, WANG Jin-jin, LIU Xiao-hui, SUN Chun-yang, YAN Guo-li

2017, 21(5): 528-530. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.05.023

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Objective To establish a support vector machine model for prediction of measles incidence rate, in order to provide the reference for measles prevention and control decision. Methods The data of measles incidence rate in china from 1996 to 2015 were collected. The incidence rates of measles from 1996 to 2014 were training samples, and the incidence rate of 2015 was testing sample. The prediction model was established based on the support vector machine regression algorithm, and the incidence rates of measles from 2016 to 2018 were predicted by using this model. Results The actual incidence rates and predicted incidence rates of measles were highly consistent; the average relative error was 0.620 07%. The predicted incidence rates of measles in china from 2016 to 2018 were 3.23/100 000 and 3.13/100 000, 3.79/100 000, respectively. Conclusions It is feasible and effective to predict the incidence rate of measles by using the support vector machine regression model.

Analysis of mortality characteristics and trends of malignant tumor in Chengdu, 2011-2015

WANG Liang, XIA Jin-jie, HE Yan, SHEN Tao, QIAN Wen, LIAO Jiang

2017, 21(5): 531-533. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.05.024

Abstract(381)

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Study on effect of walking indicators intervention on occupational health population

YAN Xing-wei, YANG Yu-jin, FU Jun-jie, LI Qi, ZHAO Yu-jing, ZHANG Huan-huan

2017, 21(5): 534-536. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.05.025

Abstract(434)

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2017, 21(5): 537-538. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.05.026

Abstract(245)

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Editor

Editor-in-Chief Ye Dongqing M.D.

Assistant editor Fan Yinguang M.D.

Assistant editor Pan Haifeng M.D.

Assistant editor